The relationship of acculturation expectation “integration” and life satisfaction of the host population: the role of generalized trust

This article explores the relations between acculturation expectation “integration” and life satisfaction of the host population. Early studies demonstrated contradicting results regarding this relationship. The reason for these contradictions is the contextual conditions in which intercultural relationships take place. Generalized trust is one of these conditions. The study (n = 198) in Moscow showed that trust is a moderator of the relationship of acculturation expectation “integration” and life satisfaction of the host population. This means that the nature of the relationship between these two variables changes depending on the level of generalized trust: in case of high generalized trust the relationship between acculturation expectation “integration” and life satisfaction of the host population is positive, and in case of low generalized trust the relationship between acculturation expectation “integration” and life satisfaction of the host population is negative. Consequently, generalized trust plays an important role for life satisfaction of the host population in case of their preference integration of migrants.

1. Andreeva G.M., Bogomolova N.N., Petrovskaya L.A. Zarubezhnaya sotsialnaya psihologiya XX stoletiya. Teoreticheskie podhodyi [Foreign social psychology of the twentieth century. The theoretical approaches]. Moscow: Aspekt Press, 2002. 174 p.
2. Doveriye i nedoveriye v usloviyakh razvitiya grazhdanskogo obshchestva [Trust and distrust in terms of civil society development]. In A. Kupreychenko, I. Mersiyanova (ed.). Moscow: Izdatelskiy dom NIU VShE, 2013. 564 p.
3. Inglehart R., Veltsel K. Modernizatsiya, kulturnyye izmeneniya i demokratiya: Posledovatelnost chelovecheskogo razvitiya [Modernization, cultural change and democracy: The sequence of human development]. Moscow: Novoye izdatelstvo, 2011. 464 p.
4. Lebedeva N.M., Tatarko A.N., Berry J.U. Sotsialno-psihologicheskie osnovyi multikulturalizma: proverka gipotez o mezhkulturnom vzaimodeystvii v rossiyskom kontekste [Socio-psychological foundations of multiculturalism: the testing of hypotheses on cross-cultural interaction in the Russian context] Psihologicheskiy zhurnal [Psychological journal], 2016. Vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 92—104.
5. Lepshokova Z.H. Strategii adaptatsii migrantov i ih psihologicheskoe blagopoluchie (na primere Moskvyi i Severnogo Kavkaza)[ Adaptation strategies of migrants and their psychological well-being (on the example of Moscow and the North Caucasus)]. Moscow: Grifon, 2012. 192 p.
6. Osin E.N., Leontev D.A. Aprobatsiya russkoyazyichnyih versiy dvuh shkal ekspress-otsenki sub’ektivnogo blagopoluchiya [Elektronnyiy resurs] [Approbation of Russian versions of two scales, the rapid assessment of subjective well-being] Materialyi III Vserossiyskogo sotsiologicheskogo kongressa. Institut sotsiologii RAN, Rossiyskoe obschestvo sotsiologov, 2008. URL: http://www.isras.ru/abstract_bank/1210190841. pdf (Accessed: 30.05.2016)
7. Tatarko A.N. Sotsialno-psihologicheskiy kapital lichnosti v polikulturnom obschestve [Socio-psychological capital in a multicultural society]. Moscow: Institut psihologii RAN, 2014. 384 p.
8. Akay A., Constant A., Giulietti C., Guzi M. Ethnic diversity and well-being // Journal of Population Economics. 2017. Vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 265—306. doi: 10.1007/s00148-016- 0618-8
9. Almond G., Verba S. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes in Five Western Democracies. NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963. 574 p. doi: 10.1515/9781400874569
10. Berry J.W. Attitudes towards immigrants and ethnocultural groups in Canada // International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 2006. Vol. 30, pp. 719—734. doi: 10.1016/j. ijintrel.2006.06.004
11. Berry J.W. Integration and Multiculturalism: Ways towards social Solidarity // Papers on Social Representations. 2011. Vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1—20.
12. Berry J.W. Comparative analysis of Canadian multiculturalism policy and the multiculturalism policies of other countries. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 2016. Vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 4—23. doi: 10.11621/pir.2016.0101
13. Cartwright D., Harary F. Structural balance: a generalization of Heider’s theory. Psychological Review, 1956. Vol. 63, pp. 277—293.
14. Chang W.C. Social capital and subjective happiness in Taiwan. // International Journal of Social Economics, 2009. Vol. 36(8), pp. 844—868. doi: 10.1108/03068290910967118
15. Dinesen P.T., Hooghe M. When in Rome, Do as the Romans Do: The Acculturation of Generalized Trust among Immigrants in Western Europe // The International Migration Review, 2010. Vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 697—727. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2010.00822.x
16. Ferrin D.L., Bligh M.C., Kohles J.C. Can I Trust You to Trust Me?: A Theory of Trust, Monitoring, and Cooperation in Interpersonal and Intergroup Relationships. Group & Organization Management, 2007. Vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 465—499. doi: 10.1177/1059601106293960
17. 17. Guenzi P., Georges L. Interpersonal trust in commercial relationships: Antecedents and consequences of customer trust in the . European Journ. of Marketing, 2010. Vol. 44 (1/2), pp. 114—138. doi: 10.1108/03090561011008637
18. 18. Helliwell J.F. How’s life? Combining individual and national variables to explain subjective well-being. Economic Modelling, 2003. Vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 331—360. doi: 10.1016/ S0264-9993(02)00057-3
19. 19. Helliwell J.F., Putnam R.D. The Social Context of Well-Being. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, 2004. Vol. 359, no. 1449, pp. 1435—1446. doi: 10.1098/ rstb.2004.1522
20. 20. Helliwell J.F., Huang H.F., Wang S. Social Capital and Well-Being in Times of Crisis. Journal of Happiness Studies, 2014. Vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 145—162. doi: 10.1007/s10902-013- 9441-z
21. 21. Helliwell J. F., Wang, S. Trust and well-being. NBER Working Papers, 2010. 44 p.
22. 22. Herreros F., Criado H. Social Trust, Social Capital and Perceptions of Immigration. Political studies, 2009. Vol. 57, pp. 337—355. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9248.2008.00738.x
23. 23. Hui H.B.P., Chen S.X., Leung C.M., Berry J.W. Facilitating adaptation and intercultural contact: The role of integration and multicultural ideology in dominant and non-dominant groups. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 2015. Vol. 45, pp. 70—84. doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2015.01.002
24. 24. Husfeldt V. Extreme Negative Attitudes Towards Immigrants: An Analysis of Factors in Five Countries. Prospects, 2006. Vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 355—374. doi: 10.1007/s11125-006-0011-6
25. 25. Koopmans R., Veit S. Ethnic diversity, trust, and the mediating role of positive and negative interethnic contact: A priming experiment. Social Science Research, 2014. Vol. 47, pp. 91—107. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.03.014
26. 26. Kus-Harbord L., Ward C. Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet Estonia: Perceived devaluation, acculturation, well-being, and ethnic attitudes. International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation, 2015. Vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 66—81. doi: 10.1037/ipp0000025
27. 27. Lebedeva N., Tatarko A., Berry J.W. Are intercultural contacts dangerous or profitable for person and society? Intercultural relations in Russia and Latvia. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 2016. Vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 41—56.
28. 28. Lepshokova Z., Tatarko A. Intercultural relations in Kabardino-Balkaria: Does integration always lead to subjective well-being. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 2016. Vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 57—73.
29. 29. Lindstrom M., Mohseni M. Social capital, political trust and self-reported psychological health: A population-based study. Social Science & Medicine, 2009. Vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 436—443. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.11.004
30. 30. MIRIPS Questionnaires & Presentations [Electronic resource] // Mutual Intercultural Relations In Plural Societies (MIRIPS). URL: http://www.victoria.ac.nz/ cacr/research/mirips/mirips-questionnaires-and-presentations (Accessed: 23.05.2016)
31. 31. Nguyen A., Benet-Martínez V. Biculturalism and Adjustment A Meta- Analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2013. Vol. 44(2), pp. 122—159. doi: 10.1177/0022022111435097
32. Pfafferott I., Brown R. Acculturation preferences of majority and minority adolescents in Germany in the context of society and family. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 2006. Vol. 30, pp. 703—717. doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2006.03.005
33. Putnam R. Making democracy work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993. 280 p.
34. Putnam R.D. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. NY: Simon & Schuster, 2000. 544 p. doi: 10.1145/358916.361990
35. Putman R.D. E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-first Century. The 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture. Scandinavian Political Studies, 2007. Vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 137 — 174. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9477.2007.00176.x
36. Rostila M. Social capital and health in European welfare regimes: a multilevel approach. Journal of European Social Policy, 2007. Vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 223—239. doi: 10.1177/0958928707078366
37. Rustenbach E. Sources of Negative Attitudes toward Immigrants in Europe: A Multi- Level Analysis. The International Migration Review, 2010. Vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 53—77. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2009.00798.x
38. Rydgren J., Sofi D., Hällsten M. Interethnic Friendship, Trust, and Tolerance: Findings from Two North Iraqi Cities. The American Journal of Sociology, 2013. Vol. 118, no. 6, pp. 1650—1695. doi: 10.1086/669854
39. Stephan W.G., Stephan C.W. An integrated Threat Theory of Prejudice. In S. Oscamp (ed). Reducing prejudice and discrimination. Lawrence Erlbaum associates, Mahwah, New Jersey, 2000, pp. 23—44.
40. Stephan W.G. Intergroup Anxiety: Theory, Research, and Practice. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2014. Vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 239—255. doi: 10.1177/1088868314530518
41. Wang Y. Globalization Enhances Cultural. Intercultural Communication Studies, 2007. Vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 83—86.
42. Yamagishi T. Trust as a form of social intelligence. In K.S. Cook (eds.). Trust in society. NewYork: RussellSageFoundation, 2001, pp. 121—147.