Влияние динамики содержания стереотипов о себе на межгрупповые отношения

Цель. Разработка комплексной модели межгрупповых отношений путем интеграции двух различных концепций: формирования стереотипов о себе и стереотипов о других. Контекст и актуальность. Современное понимание межгруппового поведения прочно основано на концепциях, связанных со стереотипами. Очевидно, в литературе доминируют два подхода к изучению влияния стереотипов на межгрупповые отношения. Первый подход фокусируется на влиянии стереотипа доминирующей группы на межгрупповые отношения, тогда как второй подход фокусируется на изучении воздействия стереотипов о себе как о жертвах этих стереотипов. Кроме того, стереотипы о себе в группах меньшинств считаются производными от стереотипов доминирующих групп. В результате преобладающие подходы не рассматривают динамику стереотипа о себе и ее влияние на межгрупповые отношения. В статье утверждается, что этиологию межгруппового поведения можно лучше понять, рассматривая точки зрения взаимодействующих групп. Методология. Системный подход к обзору литературы, рассматривающей стереотипы о других и о себе, и метод интегративного анализа для разработки нового подхода. Вывод. Межгрупповые отношения предполагают взаимодействие двух или более групп, у каждой из которых имеются стереотипы относительно своей собственной группы и внешней группы. В этой статье утверждается, что этиология межгруппового поведения не может быть адекватно понята без знания системы убеждений взаимодействующих групп. Исходя из этого, объединены исследования стереотипов о себе и стереотипов о других. Комплексное рассмотрение динамики содержания/валентности стереотипов о себе членов группы меньшинств, с одной стороны, и стереотипов доминирующих групп — с другой, позволяет прогнозировать различные формы поведения членов групп, которые возникают во время межгруппового взаимодействия. Объединение этих двух подходов, по- видимому, обеспечивает наиболее адекватное объяснение сложной природы межгруппового поведения.

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