Online and Offline Behavior: Does one Predict Another?

749

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to analyze the relationship between online and offline behavior by using the online disinhibition effect as an example. A person behaves differently online in comparison with the same situations offline. The two forms of disinhibition are discussed: 1) benign or positive disinhibition, when a person shares very personal information, reveals his secrets, fears, does not hide his emotional state, his experiences, he tries to help the other, showing extreme generosity and care 2) toxic or negative disinhibition — when a person shows rudeness towards the other, expresses sharp criticism or even threats, visits the sites, the content of which is very difficult to understand. Appealing to constructs such as deindividuation, reduced social cues, self-awareness — sheds light on the online disinhibition effect and allows us to talk about how behavior on the network relates towards offline behavior.

General Information

Keywords: online and offline behavior, online disinhibition effect, deindividuation, norms, social representations

Journal rubric: Discussions and Discourses

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2020160410

Funding. This article is a part of the research project “Development of a model for profiling online behavior of minors in social networks” financed by MSUPE.

For citation: Bovina I.B., Dvoryanchikov N.V. Online and Offline Behavior: Does one Predict Another?. Kul'turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya = Cultural-Historical Psychology, 2020. Vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 98–108. DOI: 10.17759/chp.2020160410. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Ageyev V.S. Mezhgruppovoye vzaimodeystviye [Intergroup interaction]. M.: Publishing house of Moscow State University. 1990. 239 p. (In Russ.).
  2. Andreeva G.M. Psikhologiya sotsial’nogo poznaniya [Psychology of social cognition]. M.: Aspekt press. 2000. 288 p. (In Russ.).
  3. Budykin S.V. Information security of children and adolescents in the modern world: psychological aspects of the problem [Elektronnyi resurs]. Psikhologiia i pravo = Psychology and Law, 2017. Vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 13—24. DOI:10.17759/ psylaw.2017070102. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)
  4. Internet v Rossii: dinamika proniknoveniya. Zima 2017—2018 gg. [Internet in Russia: penetration dynamics. Winter 2017—2018] https://fom.ru/SMI-i-internet/13999 (In Russ.)
  5. Korepanova I.A. I vnov’ o parallelogramme razvitiya pamyati: dannyye moskovskoy vyborki. [And again about the parallelogram of memory development: data from the Moscow sample]. Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal Mezhdunarodnogo universiteta prirody, obshchestva i cheloveka «Dubna» = Psychological journal of the International University of Nature, Society and Man «Dubna», 2010, no. 4, pp. 43—60. (In Russ.).
  6. Lebon G. Psikhologiya narodov i mass [Psychology of peoples and masses]. M.: Academic project. 2011. 238 p. (In Russ.).
  7. Meshcheryakov, B.G., Moiseyeva Ye.V., Kontorina V.V. Parallelogramm razvitiya pamyati: ne mif, no trebuyet utochneniya [Parallelogram of memory development: not a myth, but requires clarification]. Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal Mezhdunarodnogo universiteta prirody, obshchestva i cheloveka «Dubna» = Psychological journal of the International University of Nature, Society and Man «Dubna», 2008, no. 1, pp. 1—15. (In Russ.).
  8. Rakitov A.I. Novyy podkhod k vzaimosvyazi istorii, informatsii i kul’tury: primer Rossii [A new approach to the relationship of history, information and culture: an example of Russia]. Voprosy filosofii [Questions of Philosophy], 1994, no. 4, pp. 14—34. (In Russ.)
  9. Tkhostov A.Sh. Transformatsiya vysshikh psikhicheskikh funktsiy v epokhu informatsionnogo obshchestva [Transformation of higher mental functions in the era of the information society] URL: https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=B8FuIeaAWfo (Accessed 26.03.2020) (In Russ.).
  10. Tkhostov A.SH., Surnov K.G. Vliyaniye sovremennykh tekhnologiy na razvitiye lichnosti i formirovaniye patologicheskikh form adaptatsii: obratnaya storona sotsializatsii [ The influence of modern technologies on personality development and the formation of pathological forms of adaptation: the reverse side of socialization]. Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal = Psychological Journal, 2005, no. 6, pp. 16—24 (In Russ.).
  11. Shikhirev P.N. Sovremennaya sotsial’naya psikhologiya [Contemporary social psychology]. M.:Institute of Psychology RAS. 1999. 448 p. (In Russ.).
  12. Abric J.-C. A theoretical and experimental approach to the study of social representations in a situation of interaction. In : R.Farr, S. Moscovici. (eds.). Social representations. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1984, pp. 169—183.
  13. Back M.D., Stopfer J.M., Vazire S., Gaddis S., Schmukle S.C., Egloff B., Gosling, S.D. Facebook profiles reflect actual personality, not self-idealization. Psychological Science, 2010. Vol. 21, pp. 372—374. DOI:10.1177/0956797609360756
  14. Cheung C.M.K., Wong R.Y.M., Chan T.K.H. Online disinhibition: conceptualization, measurement, and relation to aggressive. Thirty Seventh International Conference on Information Systems, Dublin, 2016.
  15. Clark-Gordon C.V., Bowman N.D., Goodboy A.K., Wright A. Anonymity and Online Self-Disclosure: A Meta- Analysis. Communication Reports, 2019. Vol.32, pp. 98—111. DOI:10.1080/08934215.2019.1607516
  16. Festinger L., Pepitone A., Newcomb T. Some consequences of deindividuation in a group. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1952. Vol. 47, pp. 382—389. DOI:10.1037/h0057906
  17. Global digital report 2019 — We are social. URL: https://wearesocial.com/global-digital-report-2019 (Accessed 26.03.2020).
  18. Guegan J. Effets de contexte et modulation des processus sociocognitifs via Internet. Psychologie. Thèse de doctorat en psychologie sociale. Université Paul Valéry — Montpellier III, 2012. 232 p.
  19. Hirsh J.B., Galinsky A.D., Zhong C.B. Drunk, powerful, and in the dark: how general processes of disinhibition produce both prosocial and antisocial behavior. Perspectives on Psychological Sciences, 2011. DOI:10.1177/1745691611416992
  20. Joinson A.N. Causes and implications of disinhibited behavior on the Internet. In: J. Gackenbach (ed.). Psychology and the Internet. Boston, MA: Academic Press, 2007, pp. 43— 60.
  21. Kalmus V. Socialization in the changing information environment: Implications for media literacy. In: D. Macedo, S.R. Steinberg (eds.). Media Literacy: A Reader. New York: Peter Lang, 2007, pp. 157—165.
  22. Kende A., Ujhelyi A., Joinson A., Greitemeyer T. Putting the social (psychology) into social media. European Journal of Social Psychology, 2015. Vol. 45, pp. 277—278. DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2097.
  23. Kim K.K., Lee A.R., Lee U.-K. Impact of anonymity on roles of personal and group identities in online communities. Information and Management, 2019. Vol. 56, pp. 109—121. DOI:10.1016/j.im.2018.07.005.
  24. Lapidot-Lefler N., Barak A. The benign online disinhibition effect: could situational factors induce self-disclosure and prosocial behaviors? Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 2015. Vol. 9. Article 3. DOI:10.5817/CP2015-2-3.
  25. Livingstone S., Haddon L., Görzing A., Őlafsson K., with members of the EU kids online network. EU kids online. London. Final report. September, 2011. 54 p.
  26. Lowry P.B., Zhang J., Wang C., Siponen M. Why do adults engage in cyberbullying on social media? An integration of online disinhibition and deindividuation effects with the social structure and social learning model. Information Systems Research, 2016. Vol. 27, pp. 962—986. DOI:10.1287/ isre.2016.0671
  27. Marzouki Y. La conscience collective virtuelle : un nouveau paradigme des comportements collectifs en ligne. In: G. Lo Monaco, S.Delouvée, P.Rateau (eds.). Les représentations sociales. Théories, méthodes et applications. Louvain-la-Neuve: De Boeck Supérieur, 2016, pp. 413—415.
  28. Moor L., Anderson J. A systematic literature review of the relationship between dark personality traits and antisocial online behaviours. Personality and Individual Differences, 2019. Vol. 144, pp. 40—55. DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.027
  29. Olick J.K., Robbins J. Social memory studies : from «collective memory» to the historical sociology of mnemonic practices. Annual Review of Sociology, 1998. Vol. 24, pp. 105— 140. DOI:10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.105
  30. Piper S. Workplace toxic online disinhibition. Presented to the interdisciplinary studies program: University of Oregon applied information management, 2015. 48 p.
  31. Pornari C.D., Wood J. Peer and cyber aggression in secondary school students: the role of moral disengagement, hostile attribution bias, and outcome expectancies. Aggressive Behaviour, 2010. Vol. 36, pp. 81—94. DOI:10.1002/ab.20336.
  32. Postems T., Spears R. Deindividuation and antinormative behavior: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 1998. Vol. 123, pp. 238—259.
  33. Prislin R., Crano W. A history of social influence research. In: A. Kruglanski, W. Stroebe (eds.). The Handbook of the History of Social Psychology. New York, NY: Psychology Press, 2012, pp. 321—339.
  34. Rose G. On the relation between ’visual research methods’ and contemporary visual culture. Sociological Review, 2014. Vol. 62, pp. 24—46.
  35. Rückrim G. Digital technology and Mediation — a Challenge to Activity Theory. Cultural-historical psychology, 2010. Vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 30—38. https://psyjournals.ru/ kip/2010/n4/32813.shtml (Accessed:11.09.2020)
  36. Sherif M. The formation of a norm in a group situation. In: M. Sherif (ed.).The psychology of social norms. N.Y.: Octagon book, 1965, pp. 89—112.
  37. Smahel D., Machackova H., Mascheroni G., Dedkova L., Staksrud E., Ólafsson K., Livingstone S., Hasebrink U. EU Kids Online 2020: Survey results from 19 countries. EU Kids Online. 2020. DOI:10.21953/lse.47fdeqj01ofo
  38. Suler J. The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology and Behaviour, 2004. Vol.7, pp. 321—326. DOI:10.1089/1094931041291295
  39. Tajfel H. La categorisation sociale. In: S.Moscovici (ed.). Introduction à la psychologie sociale. Paris: Larousse,1972, pp. 272—302.
  40. Turner J. Towards a cognitive redefinition of the social group. In: H.Tajfel (ed.). Social identity and intergroup relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982, pp. 15—40.
  41. Udris R. Cyberbullying among high school students in Japan: development and validation of the online disinhibition scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 2014. Vol. 41, pp. 253— 261. DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.036
  42. Udris R. Psychological and social factors as predictors of online and offline deviant behavior among Japanese adolescents. Deviant Behavior, 2017. Vol. 38, pp. 792—809. DO I:10.1080/01639625.2016.1197689
  43. Vilanova F., Beria F.M., Costa A.B., Koller S.H. Deindividuation: From Le Bon to the social identity model of deindividuation effects. Cogent Psychology, 2017. Vol.4. DOI:1 0.1080/23311908.2017.1308104
  44. Wu S., Lin T.-G., Shih J.F. Examining the antecedents of online disinhibition. Information Technology and People, 2017. Vol. 30, pp. 89—209. DOI:10.1080/01639625.2016.119 7689

Information About the Authors

Inna B. Bovina, Doctor of Psychology, Research Director, Associate Professor, Department of Clinical and Legal Psychology, Moscow State University of Psychology & Education, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9497-6199, e-mail: innabovina@yandex.ru

Nikolay V. Dvoryanchikov, PhD in Psychology, Docent, Dean, Faculty of Legal and Forensic Psychology, Moscow State University of Psychology & Education, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1462-5469, e-mail: dvorian@gmail.com

Metrics

Views

Total: 1355
Previous month: 54
Current month: 13

Downloads

Total: 749
Previous month: 15
Current month: 3