Hardiness and Coping-Strategies of Adolescents with Motor Impairments

The article presents results of the study on hardiness and coping strategies of adolescents with motor impairments. 67 adolescents with different motor impairments aged 13-16 years, 33 of them are adolescents with severe impairments and 34 of them are adolescents with mild impairments surveyed. The comparison group consisted of 112 healthy adolescents. The empirical data collecting made by the short version of the Hardiness Test, the Questionnaire of Coping Strategies, expert interviews of teachers, analysis of documents. The results show that in case of mild motor impairments there is no reduction of hardiness, in the case of severe impairments the hardiness is lower than in the comparison group. Adolescents with motor impairments have more adaptive coping strategies, in comparison with healthy peers, mainly in the aspect of emotionally-oriented coping. In the case of severe motor impairments, hardiness is correlated with the ability to maintain emotional well-being, in the case of severe motor impairments it also matters to abandon nonadaptive behavioral coping strategies.

1. Bogomaz S.L., Pashkovich S.F. Vozmozhnosti narrativnogo podhoda dlya issledovaniya koping-strategij lyudej s povrezhdeniem oporno-dvigatel'nogo apparata [Opportunities of the narrative approach for the study of coping strategies of people with damage to the musculoskeletal system] // Pravo. Ekonomika. Psihologiya [Law. Economy. Psychology], 2016, vol. 5, no 2, pp. 92–100 (In Russ.; abstr. in Engl.). 
2. Verbryuggen A.A. Zashchitnye mekhanizm yi koping-strategii u detej s dvigatel'nymi narusheniyami i ih roditelej: Avtoref. diss. … kand. psihol. nauk [Protective mechanisms and coping strategies in children with motor disorders and their parents. PhD. (Psychology) Thesis]. Saint-Petersburg, 2008. 23 p. (In Russ.).
3. Gucunaeva S.V. Koping-strategii podrostkov s razlichnym urovnem zhiznestojkosti [Teenagers’ coping strategies with different hardiness level]. Mezhdunarodnyj zhurnal prikladnyh i fundamental'nyh issledovanij [International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research], 2015, no. 3–1, pp. 92–95 (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
4. Kyshtymova K.V. Osobennosti koping-strategij podrostkov s narusheniem funkcij oporno-dvigatel'nogoapparata [Coping strategies of adolescents with disorders of the musculoskeletal system]. Vestnik Hakasskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im.
   N.F. Katanova [Bulletin of Khakass state University named by N.F. Katanov], 2015, no. 14,
   pp. 93–97 (In Russ.).
5. Lazarus R. Teoriya stressa i psihofiziologicheskie issledovaniya [Stress theory and psychophysiological studies]. Emocional'nyj stress [Emotional stress]. Moscow: Nauka, 1970. Pp. 178–208 (In Russ.).
6. Leont'ev D.A., Rasskazova E.I. Test zhiznestoikosti [Hardiness Test]. Moscow: Smysl, 2006. 63 p. (In Russ.).
7. Marakushina I.G., Zajceva E.S. Psihologicheskijanalizkoping-strategij u podrostkov s detskim cerebral'nymparalichom [Psychological analysis of coping strategies in adolescents with cerebral palsy] [Electronic source]. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya [The modern problems of science and education], 2014, no. 3, pp. 647
   (In Russ.). URL: http://www.science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=13198 (Accessed 26.03.2019).
8. Plotnikova A.L. Osobennosti koping-strategij u detej s narusheniem oporno-dvigatel'nogo apparata [Coping strategies of children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system]. In E.Yu. Boginskaya (ed.), Pedagogika, psihologiya i obrazovanie: ot teorii
   k praktike. Sbornik nauchnyh trudov po itogam mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii [Pedagogy, psychology and education: from theory to practice. Proceedings of the international scientific-practical conference]. Moscow: publ. of ICRNiO, 2017, pp. 95–98
   (In Russ.).
9. Sirota N.A., Yaltonskij V.M. Koping-povedenie i psihoprofilaktika psihosocial'nyh rasstrojstv u podrostkov [Coping-behavior and prevention of psychosocial disorders in adolescents]. Moscow: Genezis, 2001. 215 p. (In Russ.).
10. Tokarskaya L.V., Polyakova T.A. Osobennosti zhiznestojkosti podrostkov s narusheniyami oporno-dvigatel'nogo apparata [Hardiness of adolescents with disorders of the musculoskeletal system]. In E.V. Bakshutova, O.V. Yusupova, E.Yu. Dvoynikova (eds.), Chelovek v usloviyah neopredelennosti. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem. V 2-kh tomakh [Person in the conditions of uncertainty. Proceedings of scientific-practical conference with international participation. In 2 vol.], vol. 1. Samara: publ. of SGTU, 2018, pp. 242–248. (In Russ.).
11. Uvarova O.M. Cherty lichnosti i koping-strategii podrostkov s raznym urovnem zhiznestojkosti [Personal features and coping-strategies of adolescents with different levels of hardiness]. In A.L. Zhuravlev, E.A. Sergienko (eds.), Materialy VII Mezhdunarodnoj konferencii molodyh uchenyh «Psihologiya – nauka budushchego» Proceedings of the VII International conference of young scientists "Psychology-the science of the future"]. Moscow: publ. of IP RAN, 2017, pp. 861–864. (In Russ.).
12. Fominova A.N. Zhiznestojkost' lichnosti [Personal hardiness]. Moscow: Prometej, 2012. 152 p. (In Russ.).
13. Shcherbakova A.M., Gudilina O.N. Sravnitel'naya harakteristika otnosheniya k ogranichennym vozmozhnostyam svoego zdorov'ya lic s vrozhdennymi i priobretennymi narusheniyami statodinamicheskoj funkcii [The comparative characteristics of attitudes towards the limited capabilities of own health in people with congenital and acquired disorders of static-dynamic functions]. Psihologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie [Psychological Science and Education], 2010, no.5, pp. 77–86.
    URL: https://psyjournals.ru/files/33751/psyedu_2010_n5_Sherbakova.pdf (accessed 26.03.2019) (In Russ.; abstr. in Engl.).
14. Compas B.E., Connor-Smith J.K., Saltzman H., Thomsen A.H., Wadsworth M.E. Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: Problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychological Bulletin, 2001, no. 127, pp. 87–127. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.127.1.87.
15. Karatas Z., Cakar F.S. Self-Esteem and hopelessness, and resiliency: an exploratory study of adolescents in Turkey. International Education Studies, 2011, vol. 40, no. 4,
    pp. 84–91.
16. Rutter M. Resilience: Some conceptual considerations. Journal of Adolescent Health, 1993, no. 14, pp. 626–631. doi:10.1016/1054-139X(93)90196-V.
17. ŞahinBaltaci N., Karataş Z. Perceived social support, depression and life satisfaction as the predictor of the resilience of secondary school students: the case of Burdur. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 2015, no.60, pp. 111–130. Doi 10.14689/ejer.2015.60.7.