An Empirical Study of the Features of Coordination Functions in Hearing-Impaired Children of Primary School Age

The article examines the features of coordination functions (static, dynamic, spatial, object and symbolic coordination) in hearing-impaired children of primary school age from the perspective of N.A. Bernstein`s psychophysiological movement theory. According to this theory, there are five levels of the movement construction system: the level of static coordination (A), the level of dynamic coordination (B), the level of spatial coordination (C), the level of object coordination (D) and the level of symbolic coordination (E). 60 respondents took part in the study. 30 hearing-impaired primary schoolchildren (7–11 years old) with sensorineural hearing loss (13 girls and 17 boys) were included in the experimental group, and 30 primary schoolchildren (7–11 years old) without hearing impairment formed the control group (16 girls and 14 boys). The parameters of coordination functions were assessed using neuropsychological tests. A comparative analysis of the development of coordination functions in children from the experimental and control groups revealed a decrease in their dynamic characteristics such as pace and accuracy, which confirms the insufficiency of all these levels of movement organization in children of primary school age with sensorineural hearing loss, compared to children without hearing impairments.

1. Balandin A.O. Korrektsiya koordinatsionnykh sposobnostei slaboslyshashchikh detei 9–10-letnego vozrasta putem ispol'zovaniya podvizhnykh igr s elementami gandbola [Correction of coordination abilities of hearing-impaired children aged 9–10 years through outdoor games with handball elements]. Problemy i perspektivy fiziologicheskogo soprovozhdeniya trenirovochnogo protsessa i fizicheskoi kul'tury. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov, posvyashchennyi 100-letiyu ministerstva sporta, 10-letiyu nauki i tekhnologii RF = Problems and prospects of physiological support of the training process and physical culture. A collection of scientific papers dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Ministry of Sports, the 10th anniversary of science and technology of the Russian Federation. Chelyabinsk: Ural'skii gosudarstvennyi universitet fizicheskoi kul'tury, 2023, pp. 12–15. (In Russ.)
2. Belova O.A. Uroven' razvitiya melkoi motoriki i zritel'no-motornykh koordinatsii u uchashchikhsya mladshikh klassov, deprivirovannykh po slukhu [The level of development of fine motor skills and visual-motor coordination in elementary school students deprived of hearing]. Obrazovatel'nyi vestnik «Soznanie» = Educational Bulletin «Consciousness», 2013. Vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1–13. (In Russ.)
3. Bernstein N.A. Fiziologiya dvizhenii i aktivnost' [Physiology of movements and activity] / O.G. Gazenko (ed.). Moscow: Nauka, 1990. 494 p. (In Russ.)
4. Burilicheva V.N. Razvitie koordinatsionnykh sposobnostei u mladshikh shkol'nikov s narusheniem slukha na urokakh fizicheskoi kul'tury [The development of coordination abilities in younger schoolchildren with hearing impairment in physical education lessons]. Problemy sovremennykh integratsionnykh protsessov i puti ikh resheniya: Sbornik statei po itogam Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii (Volgograd, 18 noyabrya 2018 g.) = The problems of modern integration processes and solutions: A collection of papers based on the findings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference (Volgograd, 18 November 2018). A.A. Sukiasyan. Sterlitamak: AMI, 2018, pp. 14–17. (In Russ.)
5. Gnezdilova S.O. Osobennosti grafomotornykh navykov u slaboslyshashchikh detei mladshego shkol'nogo vozrasta [Features of graphomotor skills in hearing-impaired children of primary school age]. Psikhologiya zdorov'ya i bolezni: kliniko-psikhologicheskii podkhod (s ispol'zovaniem distantsionnykh tekhnologii). Materialy XI Vserossiiskoi nauchnoprakticheskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem = Psychology of health and disease: Сlinical and psychological approach (using remote technologies). The proceedings of the XI All Russian Scientific and Practical conference with international participation. Kursk: Publ. of Kursk State Medical University, 2021, pp. 157–162. (In Russ.)
6. Dveyrina O.A. Koordinatsionnye sposobnosti: opredelenie ponyatiya, klassifikatsiya form proyavleniya [Coordination abilities: concept definition, classification of forms of manifestation]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta im. P.F. Lesgafta = Scientific Theory Journal «Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta», 2008, no. 1 (35), pp. 35–38. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.)
7. Deryabina G.I., Lerner V.L., Filatkin A.S. et al. Osobennosti proyavleniya koordinatsionnykh sposobnostei u lits s narusheniem slukha [Features of the coordination abilities of persons with disabilities with hearing diseases]. Fizicheskaya kul'tura. Sport. Turizm. Dvigatel'naya rekreatsiya = Physical Culture. Sport. Tourism. Motor Recreation, 2018. Vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 40–44. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.)
8. Deryabina G.I., Lerner V.L., Filatkin A.S. Osobennosti narusheniya razlichnykh vidov koordinatsionnykh sposobnostey mladshikh shkol’nikov so slukhovoy deprivatsiyey [Various types violations features of junior pupils coordinating abilities with hearing deprivation]. Vestnik Tambovskogo universiteta. Seriya: Gumanitarnye nauki = Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, 2019. Vol. 24, no. 178, pp. 35–42. DOI: 10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-178-35-42 (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.)
9. Karina A.K. Formirovanie dvigatel'no-koordinatsionnykh sposobnostei u detei s narushennym slukhom [Formation of motor coordination abilities in children with hearing impairment]. Innovatsionnye tendentsii modernizatsii pedagogicheskogo obrazovaniya v usloviyakh globalizatsii: Sbornik materialov Mezhdunarodnogo nauchno-prakticheskogo foruma = Innovative Trends in the Modernization of Pedagogical Education in the Context of Globalization: Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Forum. D.N. Korneev, N.Y. Korneeva, M.V. Kozhevnikov, I.V. Lapchinskaya. Chelyabinsk: Publ. CJSC «A. Miller Library», 2022, pp. 242–246. (In Russ.)
10. Kireeva A.V. Osobennosti koordinatsionnykh funktsii u slaboslyshashchikh detei mladshego shkol'nogo vozrasta [Features of coordination functions in hearing-impaired children of primary school age]. In Psikhologiya zdorov'ya i bolezni: kliniko-psikhologicheskii podkhod (s ispol'zovaniem distantsionnykh tekhnologii). Materialy XI Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem = Psychology of health and illness: a clinical and psychological approach (using remote technologies). The proceedings of the XI All Russian Scientific and Practical conference with international participation. Kursk: Publ. of Kursk State Medical University, 2021, pp. 183–188. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)
11. Kondakova M.A., Bagina I.S. Metodika povysheniya urovnya koordinatsionnykh sposobnostei u slaboslyshashchikh detei mladshego shkol'nogo vozrasta sredstvami legkoi atletiki [Methods of increasing the level of development of coordination abilities in hearing-impaired children of primary school age by means of athletics]. Mezhdunarodnyi zhurnal gumanitarnykh i estestvennykh nauk = International Journal of Humanities and Natural Sciences, Vol. 11-2 (86), pp. 224–227. DOI: 10.24412/2500-1000-2023-11-2-224-227 (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)
12. Koneva I.A., Zakharova E.A. Izuchenie dinamiki slovesno-logicheskikh vidov myshleniya i pamyati u mladshikh podrostkov s narusheniyami slukha v protsesse psikhokorrektsionnoi raboty [The dynamics of verbal-logical types of thinking and memory in younger adolescents aged 11–13 with hearing impairment in the process of psycho-correctional work]. Izvestiya RGPU im. A.I. Gertsena = Izvestia: Herzen University Journal of Humanities & Sciences, 2023, no. 209, pp. 132–142. DOI: 10.33910/1992-6464-2023-209-132-142 (In Russ.)
13. Korosteleva Kh.E. Igrovye formy vzaimodeistviya s det'mi mladshego shkol'nogo vozrasta s narusheniyami slukha i razvitiya ikh koordinatsionnykh sposobnostei v prostranstve uchebnoi auditoria [Play forms of interaction with primary school children with hearing impairments and the development of their coordination skills in the classroom environment]. Inklyuzivnoe obrazovanie v epokhu postpandemii: novye normy, formaty, strategii. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii = Inclusive education in the post-pandemic era: new norms, formats, strategies. The proceedings of scientific and practical conference. N.M. Borozinets, Yu.V. Prilepko, O.D. Sal'nikova. Stavropol': Publ. North-Caucasus Federal University, 2022, pp. 216–218. (In Russ.)
14. Krivoguzova A.E., Evstigneeva M.I., Batishcheva L.D. Otsenka sostoyaniya fizicheskikh kachestv u detei srednego shkol'nogo vozrasta s narusheniem slukha [Assessment of the state of physical qualities in children of secondary school age with hearing impairment]. Aktual'nye voprosy fizicheskogo vospitaniya molodezhi i studencheskogo sporta. Sbornik trudov V Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii = Topical issues of physical education of youth and student sports. Proceedings of the V All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky. Saratov: Publ. “Saratov source”, 2022. pp. 602–606. (In Russ.)
15. Lerner V.L., Deryabina G.I., Filatkin A.S. et al. Teoreticheskoe obosnovanie vklyucheniya sredstv karate v korrektsiyu i razvitie komponentov koordinatsionnykh sposobnostei detei s narusheniyami slukha [Theoretical substantiation of implementation of karate techniques in correction and development of coordination ability components of children with hearing impairments]. Nauka i sport: sovremennye tendentsii = Science and Sport: Current Trends, 2020. Vol. 8, no. 1, pp.128–134. DOI: 10.36028/2308-8826-2019-8- 1-128-134 (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.)
16. Lerner V.L., Deryabina G.I., Filatkin A.S. Soderzhanie korrektsionno-razvivayushchikh zanyatii s mladshimi shkol'nikami so slukhovoi deprivatsiei [Content of the correctional and developing lessons with younger school students with the deprivation of hearing]. Psikhologo-pedagogicheskii zhurnal “Gaudeamus” = Psychological-Pedagogical Journal “Gaudeamus”, Vol. 17, no. 37, pp. 36–41. DOI: 10.20310/1810-231X-2018-17-37-36-41(In Russ., abstr. in Engl.)
17. Molchanova L.N., Buzovkina A.V. Osobennosti koordinatsionnykh funktsii u slaboslyshashchikh detei mladshego shkol'nogo vozrasta: kontseptual'naya model' issledovaniya [Features of Coordination Functions in Children with Hearing Impairment of Primary School Age: A Conceptual Model of the Study]. Klinicheskaya i spetsial'naya psikhologiya = Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 2023. Vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 188–212. DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2023120309 (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.)
18. Smirnova Ya.K. Osobennosti razvitiya modeli psikhicheskogo u doshkol'nikov s narusheniem slukha [Theory of Mind Development in Preschoolers with Hearing Impairment]. Klinicheskaya i spetsial'naya psikhologiya = Clinical Psychology and Special Education, Vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 124–144. DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2021100208 (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.)
19. Trofimov D.I. Razvitie koordinatsionnykh sposobnostei u slaboslyshashchikh detei 9–10 let sredstvami karate [The development of coordination skills in hearing-impaired children aged 9–10 through karate training]. Molodezh'. Nauka. Obshchestvo - Sbornik studencheskikh rabot Vserossiiskoi studencheskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi mezhdistsiplinarnoi konferentsii = Youth. Science. Society 2021. Collection of student papers from the All-Russian Student Scientific and Practical Interdisciplinary Conference. Ed. S.H. Peteraitis. Togliatti: Togliatti State University, 2023, pp. 799-802. (In Russ.)
20. Wilmore J.H., Costill D.L. Fiziologiya sporta i dvigatel'noi aktivnosti [Physiology of sports and motor activity]. Kiev: Olimpiiskaya literature, 1997. 459 p. (In Russ.)
21. Fedorova Yu.N., Mikadze Yu.V., Burlakova N.S., Ilyina E.S. Narushenie dvizhenii v strukture raznykh vidov psikhicheskoi deyatel'nosti u rebenka s opsoklonus-mioklonus sindromom [Movement Disorders in the Structure of the Different Mental Processes Types in Child with Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome]. Klinicheskaya i spetsial'naya psikhologiya = Clinical Psychology and Special Education, Vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 229–245. DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2020090212 (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.)
22. Shakirzyanov I.R., Galeev A.R. Osobennosti razvitiya dvigatel'nykh kachestv u detei s narusheniem slukha [Features of the development of motor qualities in children with hearing impairment]. Kul'tura, nauka, obrazovanie: problemy i perspektivy. Materialy VIII Vserossiiskoi nauchno–prakticheskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem = Culture, science, education: problems and prospects. The proceedings of the VIII All–Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with international participation. Nizhnevartovsk: Publ. of NVSU, 2021, pp. 354–359. DOI: 10.36906/KSP-2020/58 (In Russ.)
23. Shal'kevich L.V., Ivashina E.N., Kudlach A.I. Koordinatsionnaya funktsiya u detei: znachimost' opredeleniya i metody vyyavleniya narushenii [Coordination in children: Value of violations definition and identification methods]. Zdravookhranenie = Healthcare, 2020. Vol. 1 (874), pp. 34–41. (In Russ.)
24. Hedayatjoo M., Rezaee M., Alizadeh Zarei M. et al. Effect of balance training on balance performance, motor coordination, and attention in children with hearing deficits. Archive of Neuroscience, Vol. 7 (1), p. e84869. DOI: 10.5812/ans.84869
25. Işik M., Kiliç İ. Effect of the complex exercises in hemsball on attention and coordinative skills of adolescents with hearing loss. Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences Journal of Special Education, 2022. Vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 389–407. DOI: 10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.85972
26. Maes L., De Kegel A, Van Waelvelde H., Dhooge I. Association between vestibular function and motor performance in hearing-impaired children. Otology & Neurotology, Vol. 35(10), pp. e343–e347. DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000597
27. Mehrem E.S., Fergany L.A., Mohamed S.A. et al. Efficacy of fine motor and balance exercises on fine motor skills in children with sensorineural hearing loss. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 2022. Vol. 40 (1), pp. 43–52. DOI: 10.3233/RNN-211156
28. Melo R.S., Lemos A., Raposo M.C.F. et al. Balance performance of children and adolescents with sensorineural hearing loss: Repercussions of hearing loss degrees and etiological factors. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2018. Vol. 110, pp. 16–21. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.04.016
29. Novikov I., Novikov V., Novikova M. The influence of the development of coordination on the social adaptation of children with hearing impairments. Science and Innovation 2021: Development Directions and Priorities. Melbourne: AUS PUBLISHERS, 2021, pp. 67–73. DOI: 10.34660/INF.2021.68.81.009
30. Stepanchenko N.I, Hrybovska I.B., Danylevych M.V. et al. Aspects of psychomotor development of primary school children with hearing loss from the standpoint of Bernstein's theory of movement construction. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 2020. Vol. 24 (3), pp. 151–156. DOI: 10.15561/26649837.2020.0308