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Clinical Psychology and Special Education
2025. Vol. 14, no. 4, 108–128
doi:10.17759/cpse.2025140407
ISSN: 2304-0394 (online)

Profiles of post-traumatic response of people with direct and indirect involvement in military conflict

 
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Abstract

Context and relevance. Military events impact the psychological well-being of individuals both directly and indirectly involved in armed conflict. Objective: to analyze the characteristics of psychological coping resources depending on the posttraumatic response profile of individuals directly and indirectly involved in military conflict. Hypothesis. Posttraumatic response profiles will differ based on the degree of involvement in military conflict, age, type and duration of trauma, and the availability of instrumental and psychological resilience resources. Methods and materials. The study involved 614 individuals aged 18 to 77 years (M = 34, SD = 12), 89% of whom were women. Among them, 205 were residents of Berdyansk, Donetsk, and Mariupol —regions directly affected by military conflict. The International Trauma Questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Resilience Scale, the Identity Resilience Scale, authenticity questionnaires, and the COPE-30 were used. Results. Four posttraumatic response types were identified — normative, transformational, dialectical, and dysfunctional — corresponding to Bonanno’s classification. The type of response was found to be associated with age, trauma type, trauma duration, and the degree of involvement (direct vs indirect). The profiles also differed in terms of the use of personal psychological and instrumental resilience resources. Conclusions. Regardless of their degree of involvement in military conflict, most individuals demonstrated adaptive responses to traumatic events. The dialectical profile identified in the study expands the current understanding of posttraumatic trajectories, confirming that individuals with posttraumatic symptoms may also experience posttraumatic growth.

General Information

Keywords: psychological trauma, post-traumatic growth, coping strategies, hardiness, identity resilience, direct vs. indirect involvement in military conflict

Journal rubric: Empirical Research

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2025140407

Supplemental data. Datasets available from: https://doi.org/10.48612/MSUPE/h82g-49gp-d9m8

Received 21.07.2025

Revised 04.12.2025

Accepted

Published

For citation: Odintsova, M.A., Stovbun, N.Yu., Radchikova, N.P., Grebenshchikova, V.P. (2025). Profiles of post-traumatic response of people with direct and indirect involvement in military conflict. Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 14(4), 108–128. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2025140407

© Odintsova M.A., Stovbun N.Yu., Radchikova N.P., Grebenshchikova V.P., 2025

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

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Information About the Authors

Maria A. Odintsova, Candidate of Science (Psychology), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy of Distance Learning, Faculty of Distance Learning, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3106-4616, e-mail: mari505@mail.ru

Natalia Y. Stovbun, graduate of the Faculty of Distance Learning, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5546-1165, e-mail: nstovbun55@gmail.com

Nataly P. Radchikova, Candidate of Science (Psychology), Leading Researcher of Scientific and Practical Center for Comprehensive Support of Psychological Research «PsyDATA», Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-8288, e-mail: nataly.radchikova@gmail.com

Veronika P. Grebenshchikova, Assistant of the Chair of Psychological and Pedagogical and Aesthetic Education, Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Azov State Pedagogical University named after P.D. Osipenko, Russian Federation, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4504-7703, e-mail: vp25.11.2020@yandex.ru

Contribution of the authors

Maria A. Odintsova — ideas; annotation, writing and design of the manuscript; planning of the research; control over the research.

Natalia Yu. Stovbun — conducting the research; data collection and analysis; feedback to respondents.

Nataly P. Radchikova — application of statistical methods for data analysis; data analysis; visualization of research results; writing and design of the manuscript.

Veronika P. Grebenshchikova — conducting the research; data collection and analysis.

All authors participated in the discussion of the results and approved the final text of the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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