Rationality in Decision-Making, Based on a Political Voting Paradigm

1376

Abstract

This article is dedicated to the study of the fundamentals of rational decision-making behavior. Basic approaches to the study of “rationality” and “emotionality” are analyzed. To study the “rationality” of decision-making, an experimental model of “Political Elections” was developed, allowing an observer to diagnose the displayed rationality in an individual’s political choice, as if she/he was a voter during an election, when one or another candidate must be chosen. The unique model developed by the author of this study allowed the experimenters to ascertain the criteria of rational vs. emotional choices, and to diagnose the levels of rational vs. emotional qualities of decision-making among individual “voters.”

General Information

Keywords: decision-making, choice, rationality, emotionality, political voting

Journal rubric: Social Psychology

Article type: scientific article

For citation: Indina T.A., Morosanova V.I. Rationality in Decision-Making, Based on a Political Voting Paradigm. Eksperimental'naâ psihologiâ = Experimental Psychology (Russia), 2009. Vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 52–71. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Avtonomova H. S. Rassudok. Razum. Ratsional’nost’. (Sence. Mind. Rationality) M.,1988.
  2. Anohin P. K. Emocii (Emotions) // Psihologiya emocii: Teksty. (Psychology of emotions: texts) M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1984.
  3. Aseev Yu. A., Firsov B. M. Kontent-analiz i izuchenie ponimaniya teksta auditoriei (Content analysis and research of text understanding by auditory) // Metodologicheskie i metodicheskie problemy kontent-analiza. (Methodological and methodical problems of content analysis) 1989. Vyp. 2. S. 89–93.
  4. Afanas’ev M. Rossijskij prezident i ego izbirateli (Russian President and his electorate) // Vlast’. (Power) 1996. № 5. S. 9–16.
  5. Vilyunas V. K. Psihologiya emocional’nyh yavlenij. (Psychology of emotional phenomena) M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1976.
  6. Gordeeva O. I. Politicheskij imidzh v izbiratel’noi kampanii (Political image during election campain) // Tehnologiya i organizatsia vybornyh kampanij. Zarubezhnyi i otechestvennyi opyt. (Political strategies and organizaton. Foreign and domestic experience) M., 1993. S. 158–172.
  7. Davydov Yu. N. M.Weber i problema interpretatsii ratsional’nosti (Weber and the issue of rationality interpretation) // Voprosy sociologii. (Issues of sociology) 1996. V. 6. S. 71–77.
  8. Devyatko I. F. Sociologicheskie teorii deyatel’nosti i prakticheskoi ratsional’nosti. (Sociological theories of activity and practical rationality) M.: Avanti plyus, 2003.
  9. James U. Chto takoe emotsia? (What is an emotion?) // Psihologiya emocii: Teksty. (Psychology of emotions: texts) M.: IzdJvo MGU, 1984. S. 83–93.
  10. Zazykin V. G. Cherty izbrannika. Shtrihi psihologicheskogo portreta togo, kto mozhet stat’ prezidentom Rossii (Traits of the elect. Drawing the portrait of a person who is able to become the President of Russia) // VIP. 1995. № 16. S. 11–15.
  11. Zalevskaya A. A. Slovo v leksikone cheloveka: Psiholingvisticheskoe issledovanie. (A word in human vocabulary: a psycholinguistic study) Voronezh, 1990.
  12. Izard K. Psihologiya emocii. (Psychology of emotions) SPb.: Piter, 2000.
  13. Il’in E. P. Emocii i chuvstva. (Emotions and feelings) SPb.: Piter, 2001.
  14. Indina T. A. Lichnostnaya regulyatsia intellektual’nyh i emocional’nyh vyborov (Personal regulation of intellectual and emotional choises) // Trudy SGU. 2006. Vyp. 99: Gumanitarnie nauki: psihologiya, sociologiya obrazovaniya.  (MUH works. 2006. Issue 99: Humanities: Psychology, Educatioonal Sociology) S. 177–188.
  15. Indina T. A., Morosanova V. I. Regulyatornie i lichnostnie aspekty ratsional’nosti prinyatiya reshenij (Regulational and personal aspects of decision making rationality) // Prikladnaya psihologiya. (Applied Psychology) 2006. № 5. S. 38–56.
  16. Karpov A. V. Psihologiya prinyatiya reshenij v professional’noi deyatel’nosti. (Psychology of decision making in professional activity) M.: Institut psihologii RAN, 1991.
  17. Karpov A. V. Psihologiya prinyatiya reshenij. (Psychology od decision making) Yaroslavl’, 2003.
  18. Kornilova T. V. Diagnostika lichnostnyh faktorov prinyatii reshenij (Diagnostics of personal factors of decision making) // Voprosy psihologii. (Issues of Psychology) 1994. № 6. S. 99–109.
  19. Kornilova T. V., Stepanosova O. V., Grigorenko E. L. Intuitsia i ratsional’nost’ v urovnevoi regulyatsii verbal’nyh prognozov pri prinyatii reshenij (Insight and rationality during level regulation of verbal predictions in decision making) // Voprosy psihologii. (Issues of Psychology) 2006. № 2. S. 126–138.
  20. Leont’ev D. A., Pilipko N. V. Vybor kak deyatel’nost’: lichnostnie determinanty i vozmozhnost’ formirovaniya (Choise as an activity: personal determinants and development capability) // Voprosy psihologii, (Issues of Psychology) 1995. № 1. S. 97–110.
  21. Magazannik V. D. Strukturirovanie informatsii chelovekom pri prinyatii reshenij (Information structuring during decision making in human) // Psihologicheskij zhurnal. (Psychological journal) 1997. № 1. C. 90–102.
  22. Morosanova V. I. Oprosnik «Stil’ samoregulyatsii povedeniya» (SSPM): Rukovodstvo. (Questionnaire 'Behavior self-regulation style (SSPM): Guidance') M.: Kogito-centr, 2004.
  23. Morosanova V. I., Indina T. A. Psihologicheskie determinanty ratsional’nosti prinyatiya reshenij pri politicheskom golosovanii (Psychological determinants of decision-making rationality during political vote) // Psihologiya adaptatsii i social’naya sreda: problemy, podhody, perspektivy (Psychlogy of adaptation and social environment: problems, approaches, prospects) / Pod red. A. L. Zhuravleva, L. G.Dikoi. M.: IP RAN, 2006. S. 113–128.
  24. Morosanova V. I. Lichnostnie aspekty samoregulyatsii proizvol’noi aktivnosti cheloveka (Personal aspects of self-regulation of person's voluntary activity) // Psihologicheskij zhurnal. (Psychological jornal) 2002. T. 23. № 6. S. 5–17.
  25. Morosanova V. I. Individual’nyi stil’ samoregulyatsii: fenomen, struktura i funktsii v proizvol’noi aktivnosti cheloveka. (Personal style of self-regulation: phenomenon, strcture and functions in person's voluntary activity) M.: Nauka, 2001.
  26. Plaus S. Psihologiya otsenki i prinyatiya reshenij. (The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making) M., 1998.
  27. Porus V. I. Ratsional’nost’. Nauka. Kul’tura. (Rationality. Science. Culture) M, 2002.
  28. Pocheptsov G. G. Imidzh i vybory. Imidzh politika, partii, prezidenta. (Image and elections. Image of a politician, party, President) Kiev, 1997.
  29. Simon G. Teoriya prinyatiya reshenij v ekonomicheskoi teorii i nauke o povedenii (Decision-making theory in economical theory and behavioral science) // Teoriya firmy. (Business theory) M., 2000. S. 54–72.
  30. Serl’ J. Ratsional’nost’ v deistvii. (Rationality an action) M.: Progress-Traditsia, 2004.
  31. Solntseva G. N. Psihologicheskij analiz problemy prinyatiya resheniya. (Psychological analysis of decision-making problem) M.: Izd-vo MGU, 1985.
  32. Tsuladze A. M. Formirovanie imidzha politika v Rossii. (Russian politician image development) M., 1999.
  33. Shestopal E. B. Otsenka grazhdanami lichnosti lidera (Public estimation of leader personality) // Polis. (Polis) 1997. № 6. S. 57–72.
  34. Shestopal E. B., Novikova; Grund M.V. Vospriyatie obrazov 12-ti veduschih politikov Rossii (psihologicheskij i lingvisticheskij analiz) (Perception of the images of 12 political leaders in Russia. Psychological and linguistical analysis) // Polis. (Polis) 1996. № 5. S. 168–191.
  35. Ellis A. Gumanisticheskaya psihoterapiya: Ratsional’no-emocional’nyi podhod. (Gumanistic Psychotherapy: rational and emotional approach) M.: EKSMO, 2002.
  36. Shoshin P. B. Metod ekspertnyh otsenok. (Expert judgements method) M., 1987.
  37. Arnold M. B. Emotion and Personality. N.Y., 1960. V. I: Psychological aspects. V. 2: Neurological and physiological aspects.
  38. Edwards W. The theory of decision making // Psychological Bulletin, 1954. V. 51. P. 380–417.
  39. Ekman P. Expression and the nature of emotion // Scherer K. R. & Ekman P. Approaches to emotion. Hillsdale, N. J.: Erlbaum, 1984.
  40. Judgment under Uncertainty: heuristics and biases // Ed by D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, A. Tversky. Cambridge University Press, 1982.
  41. Klein С. Developing expertise in decision making // Think and Reasoning. 1997. V. 3. № 4. P. 337–352.
  42. Lasswell Harold D. Language of politics. The M. I. T. Press, 1965.
  43. Lazarus Richard S. The cognitionJemotion debate: a bit of history // Handbook of cognition and emotion / Ed. by Tim Dalgleish and Mick J. Power and others, 1999.
  44. Oatley K., Jenkins J. M. Understanding emotions. Cambridge: Blackwell Publ., 1996.
  45. Pennington N., Hastie R. Evidence evolution in complex decision making // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1986. V. 51. № 1. P. 242–258.
  46. Rational Choice Theory / Ed. by Р. Abell. Aldershot, Vermont: Edward Elgar, 1991. 8.
  47. Riker W. H., Ordeshook P. C. An Introduction to Positive Political Theory. Englewood Cliffs (N. J.), 1973.
  48. Simon H. Theories of Decision Making in Economics and Behavioral Science // American Economic Review. 1959. V. 49.
  49. Tversky A., Kahneman D. Rational Choice and the Framing of Decisions // J. Business. 19/// V. 59. № 4.

Information About the Authors

Tatiana A. Indina, PhD in Psychology, Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Self-Regulation, Psychological Institute,Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: tatiana_indina@mail.ru

Varvara I. Morosanova, Doctor of Psychology, Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Psychology of Self-Regulation, Federal Scientific Center of Psychological and Multidisciplinary Research, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7694-1945, e-mail: morosanova@mail.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 6495
Previous month: 33
Current month: 20

Downloads

Total: 1376
Previous month: 4
Current month: 2