Development of Learning Autonomy by the Means of School Education

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Abstract

The inter-psychical action does not occur whenever a skilled adult helps an unskilled child. In order to an ordinary miracle of the new abilities occurrence in a child have happened the joint action has to be mutually active: it has to be built in two designs – both of a child and an adult. Only then a child’s autonomy is possible in the beginning of the inter-psychical action, when the child still can not act alone, unassisted. What is the learning autonomy or the ability to learn? What type of pedagogical help the student needs in order to master how to learn independently, to be proactive in setting and meeting the new challenges, to be independent in monitoring and evaluation of own academic achievements? Based on the data from the ten-year longitudinal study we show that the source of student academic autonomy is a joint search for ways to solve new tasks. Moreover, students are looking for new ways and means of solving problems while teacher is looking for ways to initiate children's search activity and to keep its focus on a new mode of action. A new symbol (model, concept) should become a meeting place for teachers’ and students’ initiatives. It is demonstrated how a teacher can manage the children's search activity. The characteristics of the ability to learn at different levels of schooling are described.

General Information

Keywords: mutually active cooperation of a child and adult, cognitive initiative, the search activity in learning activity, junior schoolchildren, adolescents, case study, microanalysis of educational interaction in the classroom, longitudinal study

Journal rubric: Topical Reports

Article type: scientific article

For citation: Zuckerman G.A., Venger A.L. Development of Learning Autonomy by the Means of School Education. Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie = Psychological Science and Education, 2010. Vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 77–90. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

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Information About the Authors

Galina A. Zuckerman, Doctor of Psychology, professor, Leading Research Fellow, Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7982-6424, e-mail: galina.zuckerman@gmail.com

Aleksandr L. Venger, Doctor of Psychology, professor, Department of Psychology, “Dubna” International University for Nature, Society and Man, Dubna State University, Associate Professor of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, member of the editorial board of the journal “Cultural-Historical Psychology”, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: alvenger@gmail.com

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