Migration Attitudes of Graduate Students : on the Issue of “Brain Drain”

249

Abstract

The article presents results of the inquiry that involved 803 postgraduate students of research organizations involved in the preparation of postgraduate students in the field of education sciences. The inquiry helps to investigate the specificity of plans of postgraduate students to work abroad and to move abroad for permanent residence. It also helps to reveal and describe the impacts of various socio-demographic and socio-stratification factors. In addition, there was made a comparison of the attitudes of postgraduate students and scientific researchers to temporary or permanent migration. The data is processed using mathematical statistics methods. The results of the study indicate that the migration attitudes of graduate students are determined by the influence of a number of socio-demographic (gender, age, presence and structure of the family) and socio-stratification (financial status, educational status of parents) factors. A comparison of the opinions of graduate students and scientific researchers shows that migration attitudes towards both temporary migration and emigration abroad are more widespread among postgraduate students than among scientific researchers.

General Information

Keywords: postgraduate studies, migration attitudes, migration plans, work abroad, labor migration, brain drain, socio-demographic factors, socio-stratification factors

Journal rubric: Psychology of Education

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2020120304

For citation: Sobkin V.S., Smyslova M.M., Kolomiets Y.O. Migration Attitudes of Graduate Students : on the Issue of “Brain Drain” [Elektronnyi resurs]. Psychological-Educational Studies, 2020. Vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 61–79. DOI: 10.17759/psyedu.2020120304. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Allakhverdyan A.G., Allakhverdyan V.A. Emigratsionnye namereniya uchenykh i studentov — psikhologov [Emigration intentions of scientists and psychology students]. Voprosy psikhologii = Question of psychology, 2003, no. 3, pp. 101–109. (In Russ.)
  2. Antoshchuk I.A., Ledeneva V.Yu. Iz Rossii v Velikobritaniyu: o mekhanizmakh migratsii molodykh uchenykh v oblasti komp'yuternykh nauk [From Russia to the UK: mechanisms of migration of young scientists in the field of computer science]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya = Sociological researches, 2019, no. 2, pp. 108–118. DOI:10.31857/S013216250004015-9. (In Russ.).
  3. Ashcheulova N.A., Dushina S.A. Mobil'naya nauka v global'nom mire [Mobile science in the global world]. In Lomovitskaya V.M. (ed.). Saint Petersburg: Publ. Nestor-Istoriya, 2014. 224 p.
  4. Barsukova M.E. Zhenshchiny i migratsiya: prichiny, problemy posledstviya [Women and migration: causes, problems and consequences] // Zhenshchina v rossiiskom obshchestve = Women in Russian society, 2012, no. 2. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17863599 (Accessed: 10.09.2020). (In Russ.).
  5. Bednyi B.I., Mironos A.A. Podgotovka nauchnykh kadrov v vysshei shkole. Sostoyanie i tendentsii razvitiya aspirantury [Training of scientific personnel in higher education. State and trends of postgraduate studies]. Monografiya. Nizhny Novgorod: Publ. NNGU, 2008. 219 p.
  6. Dezhina I.G. , Kiseleva V.V. Pooshchrenie mobil'nosti nauchnykh kadrov kak mera kadrovoi politiki [Encouraging the mobility of scientific personnel as a measure of personnel policy]. Nauchnye trudy IEPP = Scientific works of the Institute of Economics of the transition period. Moscow: Publ. Institute of Economics of the transition period, 2008, pp. 126–142. (In Russ.)
  7. Dolmatova S.A. «Utechka umov» i «ustoichivoe ra zvitie» v Ross ii v us loviyakh globalizatsii ["brain Drain" and "sustainable development" in Russia in the context of globalization]. Ekonomicheskaya politika = Economic policy, 2013, no. 5, pp. 187–196. (In Russ.)
  8. Kachanov Yu.L., Shmatko N.A. Struktura mobil'nosti nauchnykh kadrov vysshei kvalifikatsii: model' i rezul'taty issledovaniya [Structure of mobility of scientific personnel of higher qualification: model and results of research]. Moscow: Publ. Universitetskaya kniga, 2011. 256 p.
  9. Iontsev V.A., Ryazantsev S.V., Iontseva S.V. Novye tendentsii i formy emigratsii iz Rossii [New trends and forms of emigration from Russia]. Ekonomika regiona = Regional economy, 2016, no. 2, pp. 499–509. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/novye-tendentsii-i-formyemigratsii-iz-rossii (Accessed: 01.10.2020). (In Russ. , abstr. in Engl.).
  10. Karpovich Yu.V. Mezhdunarodnoe peremeshchenie intellektual'nykh resursov [International movement of intellectual resources]. Territoriya nauki = Territory of science, 2019, no. 2, pp. 18–26. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41801920 (Accessed: 01.10.2020). (In Russ.).
  11. Kitova G.A., Kuznetsova T.E., Kuznetsov B.V. Mobil'nost' nauchnykh kadrov v Rossii: masshtab, struktura, posledstviya [Mobility of scientific personnel in Russia: scale, structure, consequences]. Problemy prognozirovaniya = Problems of forecasting, 1995. Vol. 4, p. 41–56. (In Russ.)
  12. Kontseptsiya dolgosrochnogo sotsial'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossiiskoi Federatsii na period do 2020 goda [The concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020]. Pravitel'stvo RF (Ed.) URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_82134/28c7f9e359e8af09d7244d8033c66928fa27e527/ (Accessed: 03.09.2020).
  13. Kuznetsova S.A. Migratsionnye ustanovki kak predmet sotsial'no-psikholo ic heskikh iss ledovani [Migration attitudes as the subject of social psychological research]. Sotsial'naya psikhologiya i obshchestvo = Social Psychology and Society, 2013. Vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 34–46. Available at: https://psyjournals.ru/social_psy/2013/n4/65403.shtml (Accessed: 09.09.2020). (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)
  14. Lazar M.G. Sotsial'naya mobil'nost' uchenykh i studentov, ee formy i aktual'nye problem [Social mobility of scientists and students, its forms and actual problems]. Uchenye zapiski Rossiiskogo gosudarstvennogo gidrometeorologicheskogo universiteta = Scientific notes of the Russian state hydrometeorological University, no. 33, pp. 168–176. (In Russ.)
  15. Mkrtchyan N.V., Florinskaya Yu.F. Kvalifitsirovannaya migratsiya v Rossii: balans poter' i priobretenii [Skilled migration in Russia: balance of losses and gains]. Ekonomicheskoe razvitie Rossii = Russian economic development, 2018, no. 2, pp. 60–63. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kvalifitsirovannaya-migratsiya-v-rossii-balans-poter-i-priobreteniy (Accessed: 02.10.2020). (In Russ.).
  16. Osipov G.V., Savinkov V.I. Dinamika aspirantury i perspektivy do 2030 goda: Statisticheskii i sotsiologicheskii analiz [Dynamics of postgraduate studies and prospects up to 2030: Statistical and sociological analysis]. Moscow: Publ. TsSP, 2014. 152 p.
  17. Plutova M.I. Intellektual'naya migratsiya kak osnovnoi faktor snizheniya nauchnoobrazovatel'nogo potentsiala strany [Intellectual migration as the main factor in reducing the scientific and educational potential of the country]. Upravlenets = Manager, 2010, no. 9-10, pp. 14–19. (In Russ.)
  18. Portret sovremennogo rossiiskogo aspiranta [Portrait of a modern Russian graduate student]. Bekova S.K., Gruzdev I.A., Dzhafarova Z.I., Maloshonok N.G. , Terent'ev E.A. Natsional'nyi iss ledovate l'skii univers itet «Vysshaya shkola ekonomiki», Institut obrazova niya. Moscow: Publ. NIU VShE, 2017. 60 p.
  19. Prognoz dolgosrochnogo sotsial'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossiiskoi Federatsii na period do 2030 goda [Forecast of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030]. Ministerstvo ekonomicheskogo razvitiya RF (ed.). URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_144190/e59d0198a6b86d35269590004bc1bb4d18c9fa29/ (Accessed: 05.09.2020)
  20. Ryba kovski . L.L. Migratsiya naseleniya (voprosy teorii) [Migration of the population (questions of theory)]. Moscow: Publ. ISPI, 2003. 239 p.
  21. Ryazantsev S.V., Luk'yanets A.S. Emigratsiya molodezhi iz Rossii: formy, tendentsii i posledstviya [Emigration of youth from Russia: forms, trends and consequences]. Vestnik TGUPBP = Bulletin of TSULBP, 2016, no. 1, pp. 59–72. (In Russ.)
  22. Ryazantsev S.V., P is'mennaya E.E. Emi ratsiya uche nykh ikh Rossii: «ts irkulyats iya» ili «utechka » umov [Emigration of scientists from Russia: "circulation" or "drain" of minds]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya = Socialogical researches, 2013, no. 4, pp. 24–34. Available at: https://www.isras.ru/socis_2013_04.html (Accessed 09.09.2020). (In Russ.)
  23. Sobkin V.S., Andreeva A.I., Rzaeva F.R. Issledovatel' v sfere obrazovaniya: eskizy k sotsial'no-psikhologicheskomu portretu [Researcher in the field of education: sketches for a sociopsychological portrait]. Moscow: Publ. MGU, 2018. 248 p.
  24. Sobkin V.S., Andreeva A.I., Rzaeva F.R. Issledovatel' v sfere obrazovaniya: bar'ery v realizatsii nauchnoi deyatel'nosti [Researcher in the field of education: barriers in the implementation of scientific activities]. Natsional'nyi psikhologicheskii zhurnal = National psychological journal, 2018, no. 2(30), pp. 135–145. DOI:10.11621/npj.2018.0214. (In Russ.)
  25. Sobkin V.S., Smyslova M.M., Kolomiets Yu.O. Bibliograficheskii ukazatel' rabot, posvyashchennykh problemam sovremennoi aspirantury [Bibliographic index of works devoted to the problems of modern postgraduate studies]. Moscow: Publ. MGU, 2019. 56 p.
  26. Sheregi F.E., Strikhanov M.N. Nauka v Rossii: sotsiologicheskii analiz [Science in Russia: sociological analysis]. Moscow: Publ. TsSP, 2006. 456 p.
  27. Lee E.S. A Theory of Migration. Demography, 1966, no. 3, pp. 47–57.
  28. Noorden R. Global mobility: Science on the move. Nature, 2012. Vol. 490, no. 7420, pp. 326–329. Available at: https://www.nature.com/news/global-mobility-science-on-the-move-1.11602 (Accessed: 09.09.2020).
  29. Novotný J., Feřtrová M., J un wiertová . Post raduate mi ration be haviour of internationa l university students supported from the Czech Development Cooperation scholarships. Popul Space Place, 2020, no. 2361. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2361 (Accessed: 01.10.2020).
  30. Subbotin A., Samin A. Brain drain and brain gain in Russia: analyzing international mobility of researchers by discipline using Scopus bibliometric data 1996-2020. MPIDR Working Papers, 2020. 19 p. DOI:10.4054/MPIDR-WP-2020-025

Information About the Authors

Vladimir S. Sobkin, Doctor of Psychology, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Education, Head of the Center for Sociology of Education, Institute of Education Management, Center for Modern Problems of Modern Education at the Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2339-9080, e-mail: sobkin@mail.ru

Maria M. Smyslova, Leading analyst, Laboratory of Sociological Research in Education of the Center for the Development of Education, The Federal State Budget Institution «Russian Academy of Education», Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4114-5316, e-mail: smyslovamaria@yandex.ru

Yurij O. Kolomiets, The Federal State Budget Institution «Russian Academy of Education», Leading Analyst of the Information and Analytical Center of the Russian Academy of Education, Information and Analytical Center of the Russian Academy of Education, The Federal State Budget Institution «Russian Academy of Education», Deputy Head of the Centre of Sociology for Education in the Institute of Education Management of the Russian Academy of Education, Centre of Sociology for Education in the Institute of Education Management of the Russian Academy of Education, The Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Institute of Education Management of the Russian Academy of Education», Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1372-7519, e-mail: uokolomiets@gmail.com

Metrics

Views

Total: 558
Previous month: 8
Current month: 5

Downloads

Total: 249
Previous month: 5
Current month: 2