Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology
2016. Vol. 6, no. 3, 159–167
ISSN: 2658-3607 / 2658-6010 (online)
Different Types of Stress Alter Moral Attitude Towards Outgroup Members
Abstract
We have examined moral attitudes towards outgroup members of people in diff erent types of stress conditions. Participants (N = 86) solved moral dilemmas based on aggressor-ingroup member and victim-outgroup member oppositions. Th e comparison of the present research data with previous ones conducted on children reveals statistically signifi cant regression to early “childish” forms of be-havior in moral choice situations, namely the preference by adults for the strategy of supporting an ingroup member even if he acts unfairly. Th ere are no signifi cant diff erences in behavior of people in diff erent types of stress. Reversible increasing of low-diff erentiated systems to support behavior(i.e. system dediff erentiation) is common for stressful situation.
General Information
Keywords: system-evolutionary approach, system dedifferentiation, stress, moral choice, moral dilemma, attitude toward outgroup members
Journal rubric: 20th International Scientific Conference “Psychology of the 21st Century: Russian
Funding. This work was supported by Russian Science Foundation Grant No 14-28-00229, Institute of Psychology RAS.
For citation: Znamenskaya I.I., Alexandrov Y.I. Different Types of Stress Alter Moral Attitude Towards Outgroup Members. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2016. Vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 159–167. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)
References
Miasishchev V. N. Psikhologiia otnoshenii [Psychology of relations]. Moscow, MPSI Publ., 2011. 400 p. (In Russian)
Antsyferova L. I. Sviaz’ moral’nogo soznaniia s nravstvennym povedeniem cheloveka (po materialam issledovanii Lourensa Kolberga i ego shkoly) [Relation between the human moral consciousness and moral behavior (on the materials of Lawrence Kohlberg)]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 1999, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 5–17. (In Russian)
Hamlin J. K., Wynn K., Bloom P. Three-month-olds show a negativity bias in their social evaluations. Developmental science, 2010, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 923–929.
Hamlin J. K., Mahajan N., Liberman Z., Wynn K. Not like me = bad: infants prefer those who harm dissimilar others. Psychological science, 2013, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 589–594.
Kawakami K., Dunn E., Karmali F., Dovidio J. F. Mispredicting affective and behavioral responses to racism. Science, 2009, vol. 323, no, 5911, pp. 276–278.
Cunningham W. A., Johnson M. K., Raye C. L., Gatenby J. C., Gore J. C., Banaji M. R. Separable neural components in the processing of black and white faces. Psychological Science, 2004, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 806–813.
Hein G., Engelmann J. B., Vollberg M., Tobler P. N. How learning shapes the empathic brain. PNAS, 2016, vol. 113, pp. 80–85.
Znakov V. V. Kognitivnoe i aff ektivnoe bessoznatel’noe v ponimanii chuzhogo kak vraga [Cognitive and affective unconscious in understanding of the stranger as enemy]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 14. Psikhologiya, 2014, no, 1, pp. 3–15. (In Russian)
Oppenheimer L. Are children’s views of the “enemy” shaped by highly-publicized negative event? International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2010, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 345–353.
Aleksandrov Iu. I., Aleksandrova N. L. Sub”ektivnyi opyt, kul’tura i sotsial’nye predstavleniia [Subjective experience, culture and social representations]. Moscow, Institut psikhologii RAN Publ., 2009. 320 p. (In Russian)
Shvyrkov V. B. Sistemno-evoliutsionnyi podkhod k izucheniiu mozga, povedeniia, psikhiki i soznaniia [System-evolutionary approach towards brain, behavior, psychics and consciousness studies]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 1988, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 132–148. (In Russian)
Znamenskaia I. I., Markov A. V., Bakhchina A. V., Aleksandrov Iu. I. Otnoshenie k «chuzhim» pri stresse: sistemnaia dediff erentsiatsiia [Attitude toward outgroup members in stress: system dedifferentiation]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 2016, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 44–58. (In Russian)
Znamenskaia I. I., Sozinova I. M., Aleksandrov Iu. I. Intuitivnye i ratsional’nye komponenty moral’nogo vybora u detei 3–11 let [Intuitive and rational components of 3–11 years old children moral choice]. Teoreticheskaia i eksperimental’naia psikhologiia, 2013, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 57–70. (In Russian)
Sozinova I. M., Znamenskaia I. I., Aleksandrov Iu. I. Nravstvennoe otnoshenie k «chuzhomu» u detei 3–11 let. Reshenie moral’nykh dilemm: predubezhdeniia i predpochteniia [Moral attitude towards outgroup members of 3–11 years old children. Moral dilemmas solving: biases and preferences]. Teoreticheskaia i eksperimental’naia psikhologiia, 2013, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 44–57.(In Russian)
Bodrov V. A. Kognitivnye protsessy i psikhologicheskii stress [Cognitive processes and psychological stress]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 1996, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 64–74. (In Russian)
Kitaev-Smyk L. A. Psikhologiia stressa [Psychology of stress]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1983. 367 p.(In Russian)
Starcke K., Brand M. Decision making under stress: a selective review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2012, vol. 36, no.4, pp. 1228–1248.
Staal M. A. The effects of stress on judgment and decision making. Stress, cognition, and human performance: A literature review and conceptual framework. NASA technical memorandum, 2004, vol. 212824, pp. 68–80.
Youssef F. F., Dookeeram K., Basdeo V., Francis E., Doman M., Mamed D., Maloo S., Degannes J., Dobo L., Ditshotlo P., Legall G. Stress alters personal moral decision making. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2012, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 491–498.
Yu R. Stress potentiates decision biases: A stress induced deliberation-to-intuition (SIDI) model. Neurobiology of Stress, 2016, vol. 3, pp. 83–95.
Margittai Z., Strombach T., van Wingerden M., Joels M., Schwabe L., Kalenscher T. A friend in need: Time-dependent eff ects of stress on social discounting in men. Hormones and Behavior, 2015, vol. 73, pp. 75–82.
Schwabe L., Wolf O. T. Stress and multiple memory systems: from “thinking” to “doing”. Trends in cognitive sciences, 2013, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 60–68.
Wolf O. T. Stress and memory in humans: twelve years of progress? Brain research, 2009, vol. 1293, pp. 142–154.
Selye H. A syndrome produced by diverse nocuous agents. Nature, 1936, vol. 138, no. 3479. P. 32.
Bakhchina A. V. Dinamika vegetativnoi reguliatsii kardioritma pri kognitivnykh, emotsional’nykh i fi zicheskikh nagruzkakh. Authoref. diss. kand. psikhol. nauk [Vegetative regulation of cardiorhyme dynamics in cognitive, emotional and physical stress. Thesis of PhD]. Moscow, 2014. 27 p. (In Russian)
Parin S. B. Liudi i zhivotnye v ekstremal’nykh situatsiiakh: neirokhimicheskie mekhanizmy, evoliutsionnyi aspekt [People and animals in extremal situations: neurochemical mechanisms, evolutionary aspect]. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2008, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 118–135. (In Russian)
Ababkov V. A., Bogoliubova O. N., Verevochkin S. V., Voit T. S., Manevskii F. S., Nikitenko M. A., Potemkina E. A., Safonov V. K., Uraeva G. E., Shaboltas A. V. Tipy reagirovaniia na povsednevnye mikrostressory. [Types of reaction to everyday microstressors]. Vestnik of Saint-Petersburg University. Ser. 12. Sociology, 2013, issue 2, pp. 34–44. (In Russian)
Isaychev S. A., Chernorizov A. M., Korolev A. D., Isaychev E. S., Dubynin I. A., Zakharov I. A. Th e psychophysiological diagnostics of the functional state of the athlete. Preliminary data. Psychology in Russia. State of the Art, 2012, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 244–268.
Leont’ev D. A., Mandrikova E. Iu., Fam A. Kh. Razrabotka metodiki diagnostiki protsessual’noi storony vybora [Development of a technique of procedural aspect of choice diagnostics]. Psikhologicheskaia diagnostika, 2007, no. 6, pp. 4–25. (In Russian)
Anan’ev B. G. Chelovek kak predmet poznaniia [Human as a matter of comprehension]. Selected psychological works. Moscow, Pedagogika Publ., 1980, vol. 1, pp. 16–123. (In Russian)
Arutiunova K. R., Aleksandrov Iu. I. Znachenie faktorov pola i vozrasta v formirovanii moral’nykh suzhdenii [Factors of gender and age in moral judgment of actions]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 2016, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 79–91. (In Russian)
Kornilova T. V. Psikhologiia neopredelennosti: edinstvo intellektual’no-lichnostnoi reguliatsii reshenii i vyborov [Psychology of uncertainty: unity of intelligence and personal regulation of choice and decicion]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 2013, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 89–100. (In Russian)
Sandi C., Haller J. Stress and the social brain: behavioral effects and neurobiological mechanisms. Nature Reviews Neurosci, 2015, vol. 16, pp. 290–304.
Information About the Authors
Metrics
Views
Total: 216
Previous month: 21
Current month: 6
Downloads
Total: 50
Previous month: 2
Current month: 0