Consortium Psychiatricum
2022. Том 3. № 4. С. 18–26
doi:10.17816/CP208
ISSN: 2712-7672 / 2713-2919 (online)
Эпидемиологическое исследование раннего выявления психических расстройств у детей раннего возраста в России
Аннотация
ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Оценка риска возникновения нарушений психического развития (НПР), психических и поведенческих расстройств, включая расстройства аутистического спектра (РАС), а также раннее выявление у детей НПР — это важнейшие направления деятельности специалистов по охране психического здоровья во всем мире.
ЦЕЛЬ: Настоящее исследование направлено на оценку риска развития НПР и распространенности НПР у детей раннего возраста (18–48 месяцев) в России.
МЕТОДЫ: Для достижения целей настоящего исследования разработан и применен двухуровневый подход к эпидемиологическому скринингу. На первом уровне сплошным методом были опрошены родители детей в возрасте от 18 до 48 месяцев с использованием отечественной валидизированной «Скрининговой анкеты для родителей по выявлению риска возникновения нарушений психического развития у детей раннего возраста» в девяти регионах России (Волгоград, Киров, Москва, Новосибирск, Оренбург, Тверь, Челябинск, Ярославль, Ставрополь). На втором уровне дети, идентифицированные на первом уровне скрининга как находящиеся в группе риска по развитию НПР, осматривались врачом-психиатром на добровольной основе и в ряде случаев устанавливался диагноз в соответствии с критериями МКБ-10.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Установлено, что риск НПР составляет 13.07%, или 1307 случаев на 10,000 детей в возрасте 18–48 месяцев, тогда как распространенность подтвержденных НПР составляет 1.51%, или 151 случай на 10,000 детей, среди детского населения России в возрасте 18–48 месяцев.
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Скрининг риска развития НПР, в том числе РАС, в России среди детей раннего возраста является перспективным направлением профилактической медицины. Эта инициатива позволит разработать оптимальные алгоритмы проведения специализированных мероприятий по профилактике возникновения и усугубления проблем психического здоровья детей.
Общая информация
Ключевые слова: ранняя диагностика, скрининг, ранний возраст, нарушения психического развития, эпидемиология аутизма, ранний детский аутизм, первичная помощь
Рубрика издания: Исследования
Тип материала: научная статья
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/CP208
Получена: 30.08.2022
Принята в печать:
Для цитаты: Иванов М.В., Бокша И.С., Балакирева Е.Е., Клюшник Т.П. Эпидемиологическое исследование раннего выявления психических расстройств у детей раннего возраста в России // Consortium Psychiatricum. 2022. Том 3. № 4. С. 18–26. DOI: 10.17816/CP208
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