Preparing for a Diagnostic Interview of People with Mental and Speech Disorders, Using Augmentative and Alternative Communication. Case Study

55

Abstract

Objectives. Conducting diagnostic assessment of people with mental disorders who do not use speech as the main mean of communication is closely related to evaluating their abilities (communicative, social, cognitive) for participating in an interview, including their readiness to use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). To evaluate these capabilities and form the communicative involvement of respondents, research was carried out on the selection of AAC tools at the preparatory stage of the diagnostic interview to determine their degree of independence and required assistance.

Methods. The study involved 50 respondents aged 17 to 58 years with intellectual disabilities, autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, living in psycho-neurological residential facilities. Their mental states and specifics of speech disorders varied. To achieve the research objectives, the case method was chosen. In addition to AAC tools and visual aids, directed observation, a learning game situation, and implementation of practical tasks were used. The results were recorded as case study.

Results. The necessary materials for the successful conduct of the interview’s preparatory stage were selected: objects, im ages, and symbols. The tasks of the preparatory stage were formulated: explaining the purposes of the interview, obtaining consent, identifying available methods of communication, providing communicative support, and training to use communi cative symbols. It was revealed that, due to an individual differentiated approach, the case method is effective in achieving the goals of the interview’s preparatory stage and ensuring the direct participation of respondents in the interview.

Conclusions. Direct participation in a diagnostic interview of respondents with mental disorders who do not use speech as the main means of communication can be ensured by organizing the preparatory stage of the interview. During this stage, the optimal AAC and visual aids for each respondent were selected, and additional training opportunities for new AAC tools were used. As a result, recommendations were prepared for the residential facilities on their further work with respondents, the success of which needs to be verified.

General Information

Keywords: mental disorders; speech disorders; means of augmentative and alternative communication; visibility; case method; psycho-neurological residential facilities

Journal rubric: Research of ASD

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2024220202

Funding. The study was conducted as a part of the Project of Sberbank Charitable Foundation “Contribution to the future” to create a scientific and methodological center based on the Center for Curative Pedagogics, Moscow

Received: 08.06.2023

Accepted:

For citation: Karanevskaya O.V., Sisneva M.E. Preparing for a Diagnostic Interview of People with Mental and Speech Disorders, Using Augmentative and Alternative Communication. Case Study. Autizm i narusheniya razvitiya = Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2024. Vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 14–22. DOI: 10.17759/autdd.2024220202. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Avakyan T.V., Konstantinova I.S. Diagnostics of the level of cognitive development in determining the readiness for  vocational training of young people with mental disorders. Autizm i narusheniya razvitiya = Autism and Developmental  Disorders (Russia), 2023, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 27—36. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.) DOI:10.17759/autdd.2023210303 
  2. Afon’kina Yu.A., Zhigunova G.V. Analiz sotsial’nykh sred v kontekste obespecheniya nezavisimoi zhizni lyudei s  invalidnost’yu [Analysis of the Social Environment Structure for Ensuring Independent Life for People with Disability].  Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie: Elektronnyi vestnik = Public Administration: E-Journal, 2018, no. 69, pp. 445—461. (In Russ.,  abstr. in Engl.) 
  3. Bol’nitskaya A.N. Invalidy i obshchestvo [The disabled persons and society]. Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya:  ekonomicheskie i sotsial’nye peremeny = Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes Journal, 2014, no. 4,  pp. 119—127. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.). DOI:10.14515/monitoring.2014.4.07 
  4. Bondar’ T.A., Karanevskaya O.V. Gotovnost’ k ispol’zovaniyu sredstv al’ternativnoi i dopolnitel’noi kommunikatsii  spetsialistami detskikh domov-internatov [Willingness to use augmentative and alternative communication by the specialists of children’s homes] [Web resource]. Al’manakh Instituta korrektsionnoi pedagogiki = Almanac Institute of  Special Education, 09.06.2020, no. 41, pp. 86—96. URL: https://alldef.ru/ru/articles/almanac-no-41/willingness-touse-alternative-and-additional-means-of-communication-specialists-of-childrens-homes-boarding-schools (Accessed  02.03.2024). (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.) 
  5. Karanevskaya O.V., Sisneva M.E. Ensuring the Participation of the Individuals with Mental Disorders and Speech  Disabilities in the Skills and Capabilities Evaluation using Methods of Augmentative and Alternative Communication.  Autizm i narusheniya razvitiya = Autism and Developmental Disorders (Russia), 2023, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 22—32. (In Russ.,  abstr. in Engl.). DOI:10.17759/autdd.2023210103 
  6. Kozlov S.I. Gaubrikh N.Yu., Yalamov A.S. et al. Obosnovanie metodiki po otsenke vozmozhnosti samostoyatel’nogo  prozhivaniya grazhdan, stradayushchikh psikhicheskimi rasstroistvami, prozhivayushchikh v psikhonevrologicheskikh  internatakh [Scientific substantiation of methodological approaches to assess ability of independent living of people  suffering from mental disorders residing in a psychoneurological boarding school]. Sotsial’nye aspekty zdorov’ya  naseleniya = Social aspects of population health, 2019, vol. 65, no. 5. 33 p. (In Russ., abstr. In Engl.). DOI:10.21045/2071-5021-2019-65-5-5 
  7. Kravtsova M.V., Lisovskaya T.V. Pedagogicheskoe soprovozhdenie detei s mnozhestvennymi psikhofizicheskimi  narusheniyami: opyt respubliki Belarus’ [Pedagogical support of children with severe psychophysical multiple violations  in Belarus today]. Professional’noe obrazovanie v Rossii i za rubezhom = Professional Education in Russia and Abroad, 2015,  no. 1, pp. 133—137. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.) 
  8. Karanevskaya O.V. (ed.) Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po ispol’zovaniyu al’ternativnoi i dopolnitel’noi kommunikatsii  (ADK) v statsionarnykh uchrezhdeniyakh sotsial’nogo obsluzhivaniya [Teaching guidelines on using augmentative and  alternative communication (AAC) in inpatient social care facilities]. Moscow: Publ. Terevinf, 2022. 252 p. ISBN 978-5- 4212-0651-4. (In Russ.) 
  9. Tsarev A.M. (ed.) Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po sozdaniyu spetsial’nykh uslovii dlya organizatsii obrazovaniya  vospitannikov detskikh domov-internatov sistemy sotsial’noi zashchity, v tom chisle v ramkakh inklyuzivnogo obrazovaniya  [Guidelines for facilitating conditions for organizing education for students in live-in children’s social protection facilities,  including those in inclusive education] [Web resource] / Federal resource center for developing the system of comprehensive  support for children with intellectual disabilities and severe multiple disorders. Pskov, 2018. 204 p. URL: https://docs.edu. gov.ru/document/e992c8529759bb20dc5568e3769c212c/download/1950/ (Accessed 02.03.2024). (In Russ.)
  10. Mukharyamova L.M., Savel’eva Zh.V. Sotsial’naya sreda dlya lyudei s autizmom v Rossii: problema dostupnosti v  otsenkakh ekspertov [Social Environment for People with Autism in Russia: Expert Assessment of the Accessibility Issue].  Ekologiya cheloveka = Human Ecology, 2021, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 45 50. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.). DOI:10.33396/1728-0869- 2021-1-45-50 
  11. Nicholas D. Activity Employment in Autism: Reflections on the Literature and Steps for Moving Forward. Autizm i  narusheniya razvitiya = Autism and Developmental Disorders (Russia), 2020, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 5—11. (In Russ., abstr. in  Engl.). DOI:10.17759/autdd.2020180301 
  12. Prikaz Ministerstva truda i socialnoy zaschity RF ot 28.07.2023 No. 606n “Ob utverzhdenii kriteriev, primenyaemykh  dlya ustanovleniya nuzhdaemosti invalida v soprovozhnaemom prozhivaniyi” (Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social  Protection of the Russian Federation dated 28.07.2023 No. 606n “On approval of the criteria used to establish the need of a  disabled person for assisted living” [Web resource] URL: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/document/0001202309290067  (Accessed 21.03.2014). (In Russ.). 
  13. Sisneva M.E., Evmenchikova T.D., Bitova A.L. et al. Razrabotka i aprobatsiya oprosnika otsenki stepeni samostoyatel’nosti  lits s narusheniyami psikhicheskikh funktsii i neobkhodimogo im soprovozhdeniya [Developing and testing of the  questionnaire for evaluating the degree of self-reliance of people with mental disabilities and the necessary support]. In  Osobyi rebenok: Issledovaniya i opyt pomoshchi: Vyp. 12: nauch.-prakt. Sbornik [Special child: Research and ways of  support: Vol. 12: Research and practice digest]. Moscow: Publ. Terevinf, 2021. Pp. 115—146. (In Russ.) 
  14. Beukelman D.R., Light J.C. Augmentative & Alternative Communication: Supporting Children and Adults with Complex  Communication Needs. 5th ed. Baltimore: London: Sydney: Publ. Paul H. Brookes, 2020. 704 p. ISBN 978-1-68125-305-3.
  15. Biggs E.E., Hacker R.E. Ecological Systems for Students Who Use AAC: Stakeholders’ Views on Factors Impacting  Intervention and Outcomes. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 2021, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 259—277.  DOI:10.1177/15407969211052309 
  16. Binger K., Ball L., Dietz A. et al. Personnel roles in the AAC assessment process. Augmentative and Alternative  Communication, 2012, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 278 288. DOI:10.3109/07434618.2014.885080 
  17. Crowe B., Machalicek W., Wei Q. et al. Augmentative and Alternative Communication for Children with Intellectual  and Developmental Disability: A Mega-Review of the Literature. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities,  2022, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 1—42. DOI:10.1007/s10882-021-09790-0 
  18. Dragger K.D.R., Light J., Currall J. et al. AAC technologies with visual scene displays and “just in time” programming  and symbolic communication turns expressed by students with severe disability. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental  Disability, 2019, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 321—336. DOI:10.3109/13668250.2017.1326585 
  19. Holyfield C. Comparative effects of picture symbol with paired text and text-only augmentative and alternative  communication representations on communication from children with autism spectrum disorder. American Journal of  Speech-Language Pathology, 2021, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 584—597. DOI:10.1044/2020_AJSLP-20-00099 
  20. Light J., McNaughton D. Communicative competence for individuals who require augmentative and alternative  communication: A new definition for a new era of communication? Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 2014,  vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 1 18. DOI:10.3109/07434618.2014.885080
  21. Lorah E.R., Holyfield C., Miller J. et al. A systematic review of research comparing mobile technology speech-generating  devices to other AAC modes with individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Developmental and Physical  Disabilities, 2022, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 187—210. DOI:10.1007/s10882-021-09803-y 
  22. O’Neill T., Wilkinson K.M. Preliminary investigation of the perspectives of parents of children with cerebral palsy  on the supports, challenges, and realities of integrating augmentative and alternative communication into everyday  life. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2020, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 238—254. DOI:10.1044/2019_ AJSLP-19-00103 
  23. Yorke A.M., Caron J., Pukys N. et al. Foundational Reading Interventions Adapted for Individuals Who Require  Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC): a Systematic Review of the Research. Journal of Developmental  and Physical Disabilities, 2021, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 537—582. DOI:10.1007/s10882-020-09767-5

Information About the Authors

Olga V. Karanevskaya, PhD in Education, associate professor of the Chair of Special Education and Psychology, Moscow City University, educator, Regional Non-Profit Social Organization «Center for Curative Pedagogics», Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9800-4768, e-mail: olg_ka@mail.ru

Maria E. Sisneva, clinical psychologist, lecturer of additional professional education programs, Moscow State Psychological and Pedagogical University (MGPPU), Member of Interdepartmental Working Group on the Development of Basic Approaches to Reforming Residential Institutions for Psychiatric Patients of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0144-5792, e-mail: msisneva@yandex.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 112
Previous month: 18
Current month: 7

Downloads

Total: 55
Previous month: 11
Current month: 0