The new projective technique Wounded Bird: a reflection of five ways of organizing life after a traumatic event

 
Audio is AI-generated
4

Abstract

Context and relevance. The theoretical foundation of this study is M.Sh. Magomed-Eminov’s activity-semantic approach to the psychological transformation of personality. The objective is to develop and evaluate the external validity of a new projective technique, Wounded Bird, which includes five illustrations of wounded birds symbolizing different ways individuals reorganize their lives after experiencing traum. Hypothesis. The Wounded Bird projective technique effectively reflects the various ways individuals structure their lives following trauma: 1) Disorganization; 2) Inconsistency; 3) Narrowing; 4) Stability; 5) Formation and development. Selecting a particular illustration of a wounded bird provides a basis for hypothesizing how an individual organizes their life after a traumatic experience. Methods and materials. The study involved 593 respondents (86.5% women) aged 18 to 74 years (mean age = 32 ± 13 years, median = 30 years). The ways of organizing life were determined by a set of methods: “Personal Views Survey” (Osin and Rasskazova, 2013), “Identity Resilience Index” (Solovyova, Odintsova, 2022), “Authenticity Inventory” (Nartova-Bochaver et al., 2022), “Posttraumatic Growth Inventory” (Magomed-Eminov, 2009), “Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory” (СОРЕ-30) (Odintsova et al., 2022), “International Trauma Questionnaire” (Padun et al., 2022); stressful/traumatic events and their level of complexity were recorded. Results. The five illustrations of wounded birds serve as symbolic representations of distinct life-organization patterns following trauma. The selection of a specific illustration corresponds to particular profiles of post-trauma life organization (positive, neutral, or negative). Conclusions. The Wounded Bird projective technique is a valid tool that addresses both diagnostic and psychotherapeutic needs.

General Information

Keywords: psychological trauma, life organization, authenticity, identity resilience, hardiness, coping strategies, PTSD, PTR, self-disorders, CPTSD

Journal rubric: Independent Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Psychological and Pedagogical Methods and Programs

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/bppe.2025220414

Received 26.05.2025

Revised 22.10.2025

Accepted

Published

For citation: Odintsova, M.A., Stovbun, N.Yu., Radchikova, N.P. (2025). The new projective technique Wounded Bird: a reflection of five ways of organizing life after a traumatic event. Bulletin of Practical Psychology of Education, 22(4), 219–239. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17759/bppe.2025220414

© Odintsova M.A., Stovbun N.Yu., Radchikova N.P., 2025

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

References

  1. Андронникова, О.О. (2024). Авторская арт-терапевтическая методика «Карта моей травмы» в работе с психологической травмой. Смальта, № 4, 104—115. https://doi.org/10.15293/2312-1580.2404.08
    Andronnikova, O.O. (2024). Authorʼs art-therapeutic method “Map of my trauma” in working with psychological trauma. SMALTA International scientific-practical and methodical journal, № 4, 104—115. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15293/2312-1580.2404.08
  2. Красило, А.И. (2021). Анализ индивидуально-общественной формы психологической травмы. Клиническая и специальная психология, 10(3), 283—298. https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2021100314
    Krasilo, A.I. (2021). Analysis of Individual and Social Forms of Psychological Trauma. Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 10(3), 283—298. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2021100314
  3. Лэнгле, А. (2013). Личностные расстройства и генез травмы. Экзистенциальный анализ личностных расстройств, возникающих вследствие травмы. Консультативная психология и психотерапия, 21(3), 10—45. URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=20918970 (дата обращения: 19.02.2025).
    Langle, A. (2013). Existential analysis of traumatised personality disorders. Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, 21(3), 10—45 (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=20918970 (viewed: 19.02.2025).
  4. Магомед-Эминов, М.Ш. (2009). Феномен посттравматического роста. Вестник Тамбовского университета. Гуманитарные науки, 3(71), 111—117. URL:https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13039766 (дата обращения: 19.02.2025).
    Magomed-Eminov, M.Sh. (2009). The phenomenon of posttraumatic growth. Vestnik Tambovskogo universiteta. Humanitarian sciences, 3(71), 111—117(In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13039766 (viewed: 19.02.2025).
  5. Магомед-Эминов, М.Ш. (2005). Психология уцелевшего. Вестник Московского университета. Серия 14. Психология, № 3, 3––19. URL:https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=11690852 (дата обращения: 19.02.2025).
    Magomed-Eminov, M. (2005). Psychology of a survivor. Lomonosov Psychology Journal, № 3, 3-19. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=11690852 (viewed: 19.02.2025).
  6. Нартова-Бочавер, С.К., Корнеев, А.А., Резниченко, С.И. (2022). Краткая версия Опросника аутентичности Керниса-Голдмана: адаптация в России. Консультативная психология и психотерапия, 30(3), 150—171. https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2022300309
    Nartova-Bochaver, S.K., Korneev, A.A., Reznichenko, S.I. (2022). A Short Version of the Kernis-Goldman Authenticity Inventory: Adaptation in Russia. Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, 30(3), 150—171. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2022300309
  7. Одинцова, М.А., Радчикова, Н.П., Александрова, Л.А. (2022). СОРЕ-30: психометрические свойства краткой версии русскоязычной методики оценки копинг-стратегий. Вестник Московского университета. Серия 14. Психология, № 4, 247––275. https://doi.org/10.11621/vsp.2022.04.11
    Odintsova, M.A., Radchikova, N.P., Aleksandrova, L.A. (2022). COPE-30: psychometric properties of the short version of the Russian language inventory for coping strategies evaluation. Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 14. Psychology, № 4, 247—275. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.11621/vsp.2022.04.11
  8. Осин, Е.Н., Рассказова, Е.И. (2013). Краткая версия теста жизнестойкости: психометрические характеристики и применение в организационном контексте. Вестник Московского университета. Серия 14. Психология, № 2, 147––165. URL:https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=19136069 (дата обращения: 19.02.2025).
    Osin, E.N., Rasskazova, E.I. (2013). Short version of the hardiness test: psychometric characteristics and application in the organizational context. Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 14. Psychology, № 2, 147-165. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=19136069 (viewed: 19.02.2025).
  9. Падун, М.А., Быховец, Ю.В., Казымова, Н.Н., Ченцова-Даттон, Ю.Е. (2022). Русскоязычная версия «Международного опросника травмы»: адаптация и валидизация на неклинической выборке. Консультативная психология и психотерапия, 30(3), 42—67. https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2022300304
    Padun, M.A., Bykhovets, Yu.V., Kazymova, N.N., Chentsova-Dutton, Yu. (2022). Russian version of the international trauma questionnaire: Adaptation and validation in a non-clinical sample. Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, 30(3), 42—67. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2022300304
  10. Смирнова, А.И. (Ред.). (2019). Птица как образ, символ, концепт в литературе, культуре и языке: Коллективная монография. М.: Книгодел.
    Smirnova, A.I. (Ed.). (2019). The bird as an image, symbol, concept in literature, culture and language: A collective monograph. Moscow: Knigodel. (In Russ.).
  11. Розин, В.М. (2023). Понятие и феномен травмы: биологический, психологический и социокультурный аспекты. Vox. Философский журнал, № 42, 50-69. URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=59462334 (дата обращения: 07.02.2025).
    Rozin, V.M. (2023). The concept and phenomenon of trauma: biological, psychological and sociocultural aspects. Philosophical Journal, № 42, 50-69. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=59462334 (viewed: 07.02.2025).
  12. Соловьева, Я.А., Одинцова, М.А. (2023). Адаптация методики «Индекс устойчивости идентичности» на русскоязычной выборке. Актуальные проблемы психологического знания, № 2, 21—36. URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=54146093 (датаобращения: 02.2025).
    Solovyova, Y.А., Odintsova, M.A. (2023). Adaptation of the Identity Resilience Index Technique in Russian-speaking Sample, Actual Problems of Psychological Knowledge, № 2, 21—36. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=54146093 (viewed: 10.02.2025).
  13. Alladin, A., & Amundson, J. K. (2016). Anxiety and the Wounded Self. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis59(1), 4—23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2016.1163661
  14. Arredondo, A.Y., Caparrós, B. (2023). Positive facets of suffering, meaningful moments, and meaning fulfilment: a qualitative approach to positive existential issues in trauma-exposed university students. Psychology Studies, 68, 13—23. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-022-00698-z
  15. Bacon, H.R. (2022). The intersubjective responsibility of durational trauma: Contributions of Bergson and Levinas to the philosophy of trauma. Continental Philosophy Review, № 55, 159—175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11007-021-09556-7
  16. Beers, B.J., Davidson-Swinton, H.R., Lewis, K.L., Setzer, M.R., Walkiewicz, M.A., Similuk, M.N. (2025). “I am sick, but that’s not all that I am”: patient perspectives on psychological adaptation over time to inborn errors of immunity. Journal of Community Genetics, 16(2), 117––130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12687-024-00758-z
  17. Buchbinder, E., Winterstein, T. (2003). “Like a Wounded Bird”: Older Battered Women’s Life Experiences with Intimate Violence. Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect15(2), 23—44. https://doi.org/10.1300/J084v15n02_02
  18. Bulathwatta, A., Lakshika, R. (2023). Role of emotional creativity and achievement motivation on trauma symptoms among university students. Frontiers in Psychology, № 14, 1203226. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1203226
  19. Dal Molin, E.C. (2024). Trauma: open concept. American Journal of Psychoanalysis, № 84, 79—93. https://doi.org/10.1057/s11231-024-09442-0
  20. Dussault, É., Lafortune, D., Fernet, M., Godbout, N. (2022). Mindfulness in survivors of cumulative childhood interpersonal trauma: a buddhist conceptualization of suffering and healing. Mindfulness, № 13, 1816—1828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01922-7
  21. Gander, M., Buchheim, A., Sevecke, K. (2024). Personality disorders and attachment trauma in adolescent patients with psychiatric disorders. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, № 52, 457—471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-023-01141-1
  22. George, C., West, M. L. (2012). The adult attachment projective picture system: attachment theory and assessment in adults. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93(5), 407––416. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2011.594133
  23. Goodman, L.A., Epstein, D., Zhang, E., Xie, C., Mueller-Hsia, J., Slocum, A. (2024). “Trying to be there for her, knowing I’m mentally breaking myself”: how mothers experience and respond to their adult children’s IPV. Journal of Family Violence. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-024-00780-2
  24. Hamilton, J. (2020). Monsters and posttraumatic stress: an experiential-processing model of monster imagery in psychological therapy, film and television. Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, № 7, 142. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-00628-2
  25. Hogg, B., Gardoki-Souto, I., Valiente-Gómez, A., Rosa, A.R., Fortea, L., Radua, J., Amann, B.L., Moreno-Alcázar, A, (2023). Psychological trauma as a transdiagnostic risk factor for mental disorder: an umbrella meta-analysis. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, № 273, 397—410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-022-01495-5
  26. Kupermann, D. (2022). Social trauma and testimony: A reading of Maryan S. Maryan’s notebooks inspired by Sándor Ferenczi. American Journal of Psychoanalysis, № 82, 268—280. https://doi.org/10.1057/s11231-022-09354-x
  27. Labek, K., Berger, S., Buchheim, A., Bosch, J., Spohrs, J.R, Dommes, L., Beschoner, P., Stingl, J.C., Viviani, R. (2017). The iconography of mourning and its neural correlates: a functional neuroimaging study. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 12(8), 1303—1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsx058
  28. Lloyd, S., Larivée, A., Lutz, P.E. (2022). Homeorhesis: envisaging the logic of life trajectories in molecular research on trauma and its effects. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 44(65), 1––29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-022-00542-7
  29. Maleki, G., Mazaheri, M.A., Nejati, V., Borhani, K., Bosmans, G. (2023). The Attachment-related picture set (ARPS): development and validation. Current Psychology, № 42, 3668—3679. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01727-2
  30. Malkomsen, A., Røssberg, J., Dammen, T., Wilberg, T., Løvgren, A., Ulberg, R., Evensen, J. (2022). How therapists in cognitive behavioral and psychodynamic therapy reflect upon the use of metaphors in therapy: a qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry, 22(433), 1––12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04083-y
  31. Marmolejo-Ramos, F., Correa, J.C., Sakarkar, G. (2017).Placing joy, surprise and sadness in space: a cross-linguistic study. Psychological Research, №  81, 750—763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-016-0787-9
  32. Mezzalira, S., Santoro, G., Bochicchio, V., Schimmenti, A. (2023). Trauma and the disruption of temporal experience: a psychoanalytical and phenomenological perspective. American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 83, 36—55. https://doi.org/10.1057/s11231-023-09395-w
  33. Qiu, A.H., Tay, D., Watson, B. (2024). Metaphorical language and psychopathological symptoms: a case study of trauma victims’ metaphor use. BMC Psychology, 12(57), 1––15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01492-w
  34. Ravn, I. (2024). The existential challenges of stress, trauma, and psychopathology and their integration to the self: a self-determination theory perspective. Trends in Psychology, 1––17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-024-00373-4
  35. Raz, S., Lahad, M. (2024). Validating the efficacy of associative therapeutic COPE cards for eliciting distinct psychophysiological states: behavioral and neural evidence from an ERP study. Current Psychology, 43, 19953—19963. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-05833-9
  36. Rossi, A.A., Panzeri, A., Fernandez, I., Invernizzi R., Taccini, F., Mannarini, S. (2024). The impact of trauma core dimensions on anxiety and depression: a latent regression model through the Post-Traumatic Symptom Questionnaire (PTSQ). Scientific Reports, 14(1), 23036. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72274-6
  37. Sawadogo, M.A.L., Pala, F., Singh, G., Selmi, I., Puteaux P., Othmani, A. (2024). PTSD in the wild: a video database for studying post-traumatic stress disorder recognition in unconstrained environments. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 83, 42861—42883. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-17203-x
  38. Sexton, A. (2025). Introducing the legacies and trajectories of trauma to the archival field. Archival Science, 25(1), 1–– https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-024-09471-9
  39. Siahmoshtei, J., Delavar, A., Borjali, A. (2021). A preliminary study: designing and validating projective images of Young’s early maladaptive schema (EMS) domains. BMC Psychology, 9(1), 1–– https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00514-9
  40. Tedeschi, R.G., Calhoun, L.G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1—18. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01
  41. Wang, J., Han, X., Yang, Y., Zeng, Yu, Qu, Y., Yang, H., Song, J., Qiu, C., Song, H. (2024). The association of psychological and trauma-related factors with biological and facial aging acceleration: evidence from the UK Biobank. BMC Medicine, 22(359), 1––13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03578-7

Information About the Authors

Maria A. Odintsova, Candidate of Science (Psychology), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy of Distance Learning, Faculty of Distance Learning, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3106-4616, e-mail: mari505@mail.ru

Natalia Y. Stovbun, graduate of the Faculty of Distance Learning, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5546-1165, e-mail: nstovbun55@gmail.com

Nataly P. Radchikova, Candidate of Science (Psychology), Leading Researcher of Scientific and Practical Center for Comprehensive Support of Psychological Research «PsyDATA», Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-8288, e-mail: nataly.radchikova@gmail.com

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Metrics

 Web Views

Whole time: 17
Previous month: 0
Current month: 17

 PDF Downloads

Whole time: 4
Previous month: 0
Current month: 4

 Total

Whole time: 21
Previous month: 0
Current month: 21