The experiment of L.S. Vygotsky and L.S. Sakharov: a cultural-historical retrospective

The article gives the theoretical and methodological analysis of the double stimulation method in L.S. Vygotsky's and L.S. Sakharov's experiment and of the concept of complexes and syncretes developed by L.S. Vygotsky on the basis of experimental results. The author points out the criteria of distinguishing syncretic and complex forms of generalization in preschool children ("objectness" (predmetnost') and "out-of-objectness" (vnepredmetnost') of relations between the group elements) and states that group structures in L.S. Vygotsky's and L.S. Sakharov's experiment are the main characteristics in distinguishing complex forms of thought. The structure of complex can be described by means of three characteristics: 1) general structure configuration; 2) character of interobject relations; 3) relations between the generalized features of objects and their concrete meanings. The article describes all possible configurations of complex structure. It is shown that only generalized characteristics of objects and their meanings are included in different complex structures. Moreover, this characteristic reveals a certain dynamics of structure relations development from one complex to another, and this development is aimed at pointing out the most essential, that is, at conceptual thought.

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