Skip to Main Content

Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy
2018. Vol. 26, no. 3, 80–104
doi:10.17759/cpp.2018260305
ISSN: 2075-3470 / 2311-9446 (online)

Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Russian Version of the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES)

2607

S.G. Klimanova, A.V. Trusova, A.S. Kiselev, V.A. Berntsev, D.I. Gromyko, R.D. Ilyuk, E.M. Krupitsky

PDF (RUS)
Online translation in english
GS
Information
in Google Scholar

Abstract

The article presents the results of adaptation of the Russian version of the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES, ver. 8A, 8D). For the purpose of the study 322 patients were recruited, who were undergoing inpatient and/or outpatient treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder (N=201) or Polysubstance Use Disorder (N=121) at the Department of Addictions at V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology (St. Petersburg, Russia). The study procedure included translation, patients’ assessment, and statistical analysis of the scale’s factor structure as well as internal consistency. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis did not support the three-factor structure of the scale but identified one factor, which reflects patients’ general readiness for change regarding their substance use. Patients’ gender, age, and clinical characteristics didn’t significantly affect the scale’s psychometric properties.

General Information

Keywords: SOCRATES, motivation, readiness for change, stages of readiness for change, validity, substance use disorder, alcohol use disorder

Journal rubric: Testing and Validating Instruments

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2018260305

For citation: Klimanova S.G., Trusova A.V., Kiselev A.S., Berntsev V.A., Gromyko D.I., Ilyuk R.D., Krupitsky E.M. Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Russian Version of the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES). Konsul'tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya = Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2018. Vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 80–104. DOI: 10.17759/cpp.2018260305. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Ilyuk R.D., Gromyko D.I., Berno-Bellekur I.V. Issledovanie vliyaniya kliniko-psikhologicheskikh faktorov na motivatsiyu k otkazu ot potrebleniya psikhoaktivnykh veshchestv [Clinical and psychological factors of motivation for drug and alcohol abstinence]. Psikhicheskoe zdorov’e [Journal of Mental Health], 2010. Vol. 8 (7), pp. 36—42.
  2. Ilyuk R.D., Gromyko D.I., Berno-Bellekur I.V. Osobennosti emotsional’noi i motivatsionnoi sfery narkozavisimykh i ikh rol’ v prekrashchenii potrebleniya psikhoaktivnykh veshchestv [Features of the emotional and motivational sphere of drug addicts and their role in cessation of drug use]. Saint Petersburg: Publ. of St. Petersburg V.M. Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute, 2008. 35 p.
  3. Polskaya N.A., Razvaliaeva A.Yu. Razrabotka oprosnika emotsional’noi disregulyatsii [The Development Of The “Emotion Dysregulation” Questionnaire]. Konsul’tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya [Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy], 2017. Vol. 25 (4), pp. 71—93. doi:10.17759/cpp.2017250406. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  4. Klimenkova E.N., Kholmogorova A.B. Validizatsiya metodik diagnostiki sotsial’noi trevozhnosti na rossiiskoi podrostkovoi vyborke [Validation Of Methods Of Diagnosis Of Social Anxiety On The Russian Adolescents]. Konsul’tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya [Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy], 2017. Vol. 25 (1), pp. 28—39. doi:10.17759/cpp.2017250103. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  5. Kolomeichuk A.V., Ledvanova T.Yu., Grechkina E.A. Razlichiya vnutrennei kartiny bolezni v zavisimosti ot klinicheskikh variantov anozognozii u lits s alkogol’noi zavisimost’yu [Differences of the internal illness representation depending on clinical types of anosognosia in patients with alcohol dependence]. Tyumenskii meditsinskii zhurnal [Tyumen Medical Journal], 2014, no. 16 (1), pp. 41—42.
  6. Kolpakov Ya.V., Yaltonskii V.M. Izuchenie kognitivno-povedencheskikh prediktorov motivatsii k lecheniyu u lits, zavisimykh ot alkogolya, v svyazi s zadachami profilaktiki [The study of cognitive and behavioral predictors of treatment motivation in alcohol addicted patients for the purposes of prevention]. Voprosy narkologii [Journal of Addiction Problems], 2016, no. 1, pp. 10—19.
  7. Kolpakov Ya.V. Motivatsiya na psikhoterapiyu u zhenshchin, zavisimykh ot psikhoaktivnykh veshchestv [Motivation for psychotherapy among drug addicted women]. Meditsinskaya psikhologiya v Rossii [Clinical Psychology in Russia], 2011, no. 6. Available at: http://medpsy.ru (Accessed 01.03.2018).
  8. Konina M.A., Kholmogorova A.B. Oprosnik disfunktsional’nykh ubezhdenii pri pogranichnom rasstroistve lichnosti (PBQ-BPD): adaptatsiya dlya russkoyazychnoi vyborki [The Personality Beliefs Questionnaire in borderline personality disorder (PBQ-BPD): adaptation for Russian-speaking selection]. Konsul’tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya [Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy], 2016. Vol. 24 (3), pp. 126—143. doi:10.17759/cpp.2016240308. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  9. Nasledov A.D. IBM SPSS 20 i AMOS: professional’nyi statisticheskii analiz dannykh [IBM SPSS 20 and AMOS: professional statistical analysis]. Saint Petersburg: Piter, 2013. 416 p.
  10. Rychkova O.V., Kholmogorova A.B. Adaptatsiya metodiki diagnostiki sotsial’noi angedonii (RSAS) na rossiiskoi vyborke [Adaptation of Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS) on Russian sample]. Konsul’tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya [Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy], 2016. Vol. 24 (4), pp. 62—96. doi:10.17759/cpp.2016240404. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  11. Safuanov F.S., Baranova O.V., Igonin A.L. Kliniko-psikhologicheskie mekhanizmy formirovaniya anozognozii bol’nykh alkogolizmom [Elektronnyi resurs] [Clinical psychology mechanisms of anosognosia among patients with alcohol dependence]. Psikhologicheskie issledovaniya [Psychological Studies], 2011, no. 2 (16). Available at: http://psystudy.ru. (Accessed 01.03.2018). (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  12. Trusova A.V. Motivatsionnoe interv’yuirovanie v kompleksnoi terapii alkogol’noi zavisimosti: opyt primeneniya i otsenka effektivnosti [Motivational interviewing as a part of complex treatment of alcohol dependence: experience of use and evaluation of effectiveness]. Obozrenie psikhiatrii i meditsinskoi psikhologii im. V.M. Bekhtereva [Review of psychiatry and clinical psychology named after V.M. Bekhterev], 2015, no. 4, pp. 100—108.
  13. Shmelev A.G. Prakticheskaya testologiya. Testirovanie v obrazovanii, prikladnoi psikhologii i upravlenii personalom [Practical testology: tests in education, applied psychology and management]. Moscow: Maska, 2013. 688 p.
  14. Shustov D.I., Tuchina O.D., Fedotov I.A., Novikov S.A. Autoagressivnaya alkogol’naya lichnost’ [Self-destructive alcoholic personality]. Konsul’tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya [Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy], 2016. Vol. 24 (3), pp. 89—109. doi:10.17759/cpp.2016240306. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  15. Yaltonskii V.M. Teoreticheskaya model’ motivatsii k lecheniyu zavisimosti ot psikhoaktivnykh veshchestv [Theoretical model of motivation for treatment among addicted patients]. Voprosy narkologii [Journal of Addiction Problems], 2009, no. 6, pp. 60—69.
  16. Bertholet N., Dukes K., Horton N.J., Palfai T.P., Pedley A., Saitz R. Factor structure of the SOCRATES questionnaire in hospitalized medical patients. Addictive Behaviors, 2009. Vol. 34 (6—7), pp. 568—572. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.03.013
  17. Bickhard M.H. An integration of motivation and cognition. In L. Smith, C. Rogers & P. Tomlinson (eds.) Development and Motivation: Joint Perspectives. Leicester: British Psychological Society, 2003, pp. 41—56.
  18. Bickhard M.H. Motivation and emotion: An interactive process model. In R.D. Ellis, N. Newton (eds.) The Caldron of Consciousness. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins, 2000, pp. 161—178.
  19. Braver T.S., Krug M.K., Chiew K.S. et al. Mechanisms of motivation—cognition interaction: challenges and opportunities. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2014. Vol. 14 (2), pp. 443—472. doi:10.3758/s13415-014-0300-0
  20. Burrow-Sanchez J.J. Identifying the Factor Structure of the SOCRATES in a Sample of Latino Adolescents. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2014. Vol. 28 (1), pp. 276—281. doi:10.1037/a0033605
  21. Carey K.B., Maisto S.A., Carey M.P., Purnine D.M. Measuring Readiness-to- Change Substance Misuse Among Psychiatric Outpatients I. Reliability and Validity of Self-Report Measures. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 2001. Vol. 62 (1), pp. 79—88. doi:10.15288/jsa.2001.62.79
  22. Chun Y.-M., Cho S.-M., Shin S.-M. Factor structure of a Korean-language version of the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES) in a clinical sample of clients with alcohol dependence. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2010. Vol. 24 (4), pp. 555—562. doi:10.1037/a0021492
  23. Coulson C., Ng F., Geertsema M., Dodd S., Berk M. Client-reported reasons for non-engagement in drug and alcohol treatment. Drug and Alcohol Review, 2009. Vol. 28 (4), pp. 372—378. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00054.x
  24. De Leon G., Melnick G., Hawke J. The motivation-readiness factor in drug treatment implications for research and policy. In J.A. Levy, R.C. Stephens, D.C. McBride (eds.) Emergent Issues in the Field of Drug Abuse. Stamford, CT: JAI, 1999, pp. 103—129.
  25. De Weert-van Oene G.H., Gongora V., von Sternberg K., de Jong C.A. Motivation for treatment and motivation for change in substance-dependent patients with co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2015. Vol. 47 (5), pp. 393—400. doi:10.1080/02791072.2015.1079669
  26. Del Boca F.K., Darkes J. The validity of self-reports of alcohol consumption: state of the science and challenges for research. Addiction, 2003. Vol. 98 (s2), pp. 1—12. doi:10.1046/j.1359-6357.2003.00586.x
  27. DiClemente C.C., Bellino L.E., Neavins T.M. Motivation for change and alcoholism treatment. Alcohol Research and Health, 1999. Vol. 23 (2), pp. 86—92.
  28. DiClemente C.C., Nidecker M., Bellack A.S. Motivation and the stages of change among individuals with severe mental illness and substance abuse disorders. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 2008. Vol. 34 (1), pp. 25—35. doi:10.1016/j. jsat.2006.12.034
  29. DiClemente C.C., Scott C.W. Stages of change: Interactions with treatment compliance and involvement. NIDA Research Monograph, 1997. Vol. 165, pp. 131—156.
  30. DiClemente C.C., Prochaska J.O. Toward a comprehensive, transtheoretical model of change: Stages of change and addictive behaviors. In W.R. Miller, N. Heather (eds.) Treating Addictive Behaviors. 2nd ed. New York: Plenum Press, 1998, pp. 3—24.
  31. Doerfler L.A., Melle D., McLaughlin T., Fisher W.H. Do Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES) scores predict readmission to an inpatient substance abuse treatment program for adolescents? Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 2016. Vol. 25 (6), pp. 516—521. doi:10.1080/1067828X.2015.1111822
  32. Figlie N.B., Dunn J., Laranjeira R. Factor structure of the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES) in alcohol dependent outpatients. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 2004. Vol. 26 (2), pp. 91—99.
  33. Kelly J.F., Greene M.C. Where there’s a will there’s a way: A longitudinal investigation of the interplay between recovery motivation and self-efficacy in predicting treatment outcome. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2014. Vol. 28 (3), pp. 928—934. doi: 10.1037/a0034727
  34. Kelly S.M., O’Grady K.E., Mitchell S.G., Brown B.S., Schwartz R.P. Predictors of methadone treatment retention from a multi-site study: a survival analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2011. Vol. 117 (2—3), pp. 170—175. doi:10.1016/j. drugalcdep.2011.01.008
  35. Maisto S.A., Chung T.A., Cornelius J.R., Martin C.S. Factor structure of the SOCRATES in a clinical sample of adolescents. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2003. Vol. 17 (2), pp. 98—107. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.17.2.98
  36. Maisto S.A., Conigliaro J., McNeil M., Kraemer K., O’Connor M., Kelley M.E. Factor structure of the SOCRATES in a sample of primary care patients. Addictive Behaviors, 1999. Vol. 24 (6), pp. 879—892. doi:10.1016/S0306-4603(99)00047-7
  37. Maisto S.A., Krenek M., Chung T., Martin C.S., Clark D., Cornelius J. A comparison of the concurrent and predictive validity of three measures of readiness to change alcohol use in a clinical sample of adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 2011. Vol. 23 (4), pp. 983—994. doi:10.1037/a0024136
  38. Miller W.R. Motivation for treatment: A review with special emphasis on alcoholism. Psychological Bulletin, 1985. Vol. 98 (1), pp. 84—107. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.98.1.84
  39. Miller W.R. Tonigan J.S. Assessing drinkers’ motivations for change: The Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES). Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 1996. Vol. 10 (2), pp. 81—89. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.10.2.81
  40. Palij M., Rosenblum A., Magura S. Assessing Cocaine Users’ Motivation for Change: Preliminary Results for the Cocaine Version of the SOCRATES (SOCRATES-C). In 69th Annual Meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association in Boston, MA 28 February 1998. doi:10.13140/2.1.2294.9443
  41. Parvizifard A., Ahmad H.J.B.H., Baba M.B., Sulaiman T. Psychometric Properties of the Iranian Version of the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 2012. Vol. 4 (2), pp. 246—252. doi:10.5539/ijps.v4n2p246
  42. Rice S.L., Hagler K.J., Tonigan J.S. Longitudinal trajectories of readiness to change: Alcohol use and help-seeking behavior. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 2014. Vol. 75 (3), pp. 486—495. doi:10.15288/jsad.2014.75.486
  43. Shen Q., McLellan A.T., Merrill J.C. Client’s perceived need for treatment and its impact on outcome. Substance Abuse, 2000. Vol. 21 (3), pp. 179—192. doi:10.1080/08897070009511431
  44. Simpson D.D., Joe G.W. Motivation as a predictor of early dropout from drug abuse treatment. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 1993. Vol. 30 (2), pp. 357—368. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.30.2.357
  45. Wagner V., Acier D., Dietlin J.-E. Outpatient Addiction Treatment for Problematic Alcohol Use: What Makes Patients Who Dropped Out Different from Those Who Did Not? Substance Use & Misuse, 2018. Vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 1893—1906 . doi:10.10 80/10826084.2018.1441310
  46. Yeh M.Y. A psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the stage of change readiness and treatment eagerness scale. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2009. Vol. 18 (17), pp. 2494—2502. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02592.x
  47. Zullino D.F., Krenz S., Frésard E., Montagrin Y., Kolly S., Chatton A., Manghi R.A., Broers B. Psychometric properties of a French-language version of the stage of change readiness and treatment eagerness scale (SOCRATES). Addiction Research & Theory, 2007. Vol. 15 (2), pp. 153—160. doi:10.1080/16066350601179514

Information About the Authors

Svetlana G. Klimanova, Researcher, Department for treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders, Federal State Budgetary Institution V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St.Petersburg, Russia, e-mail: svetlanagk@mail.ru

Anna V. Trusova, PhD in Psychology, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Division of Medical Psychology and Psychophysiology, St. Petersburg State University, Researcher, Department of Addictions, V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St.Petersburg, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0921-4203, e-mail: anna.v.trusova@gmail.com

Alexei S. Kiselev, Biostatistician, Data MATRIX Ltd, А.A. Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza; V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St.Petersburg, Russia, e-mail: aski@mail.ru

Vladimir A. Berntsev, Psychiatrist With Specialty in Addictions, LLC “Valeonika”, St.Petersburg, Russia, e-mail: berntsev@go.ru

Dmitry I. Gromyko, PhD in Medicine, Senior Researcher, Division of Addictive Disorders, National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Neurology of V.M. Bekhterev, St.Petersburg, Russia, e-mail: dmgrom@list.ru

Ruslan D. Ilyuk, PhD in Medicine, Leading Researcher, Outpatient Addiction Treatment Department, V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St.Petersburg, Russia, e-mail: Ruslan.iluk@mail.ru

Evgeny M. Krupitsky, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Vice-director for reserach, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St.Petersburg, Russia

Metrics

Views

Total: 3819
Previous month: 86
Current month: 50

Downloads

Total: 2607
Previous month: 71
Current month: 22