Current trends in study of xenophobia in adolescents

1713

Abstract

Xenophobia is one of the most topical problems of the modern world which attains special significance in view of its extension among adolescents. The article regards the results of the latest studies of xenophobia in works of foreign scholars, as well as mechanisms of its emergence and the ways of preventing it. In the course of analysis of the latest findings of foreign investigators three main directions in study of xenophobia were singled out: investigations at the level of individual psychological processes; investigations at the level of group processes; investigations at the level of cultural, public processes. The directions of xenophobia studies mentioned above make it possible to determine the main forms of xenophobia prophylaxis among adolescents; development of socio-cultural competence, enlargement of capabilities and choice of various forms of inter-racial and inter-national cooperation; inclusion of conciliation techniques for resolution of individual and intergroup conflicts into educational process at school sites; discussion and analysis of different views on the events taking place in the contemporary world.

General Information

Keywords: xenophobia; adolescents; attitudes; prejudice; hostility

Journal rubric: Developmental Psychology and Age-Related Psychology

Article type: review article

For citation: Gurina O.D. Current trends in study of xenophobia in adolescents [Elektronnyi resurs]. Sovremennaia zarubezhnaia psikhologiia = Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology, 2012. Vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 14–25. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Asmolov A.G. Tolerantnost': razlichnye paradigmy analiza // Tolerantnost' v obwestvennom soznanii Rossii. Moskva: IJARAJ, 1998.
  2. Dvorjanchikov N.V. Cennostnye orientacii pravyh jekstremistov / N.V. Dvorjanchikov, S.N. Enikolopov, M.D. Sokol'skaja, I.A. Fursova // Psihologicheskaja nauka i obrazovanie. 2010. № 5. S. 92—103.
  3. Drobizheva L.I. Ob uslovijah formirovanija tolerantnyh ustanovok // Mezhkul'turnyj dialog: issledovanija i praktika. 2004. S. 111—120.
  4. Leont'ev D.A. K operacionalizacii ponjatija “tolerantnost” // Voprosy psihologii. 2009. № 5. S. 3—16.
  5. Meshkova N.V. Psihologicheskie istochniki mezhgruppovoj predubezhdennosti // Psihologija cheloveka v sovremennom mire. — Tom 5. Lichnost' i gruppa v uslovijah social' nyh izmenenij / Otv. red. — Zhuravlev A.L. 2009. S. 285—287.
  6. Nosov S.S. Osobennosti mehanizmov psihologicheskih zawit u mal'chikov-podrostkov, sklonnyh k projavleniju ksenofobii [Jelektronnyj resurs] // Psihologicheskaja nauka i obrazovanie PSYEDU.ru. 2011. № 1. URL: https://psyjournals.ru/psyedu_ru/2011/n1/39932.shtml.
  7. Skripkina T.P. Ustanovki tolerantnogo soznanija, doverija i ksenofobii u molodezhi, prozhivajuwej v juzhno-rossijskom regione RF // Social'naja psihologija i obwestvo. 2010. № 1. S. 136—151.
  8. Soldatova G.U., Makarchuk A.V. Mozhet li "drugoj" stat' drugom? Trening po profilaktike ksenofobii. Moskva : Genezis, 2006. 256 s.
  9. Soldatova G., Krichevec A., Filileeva E. Monitoring tolerantnosti, ksenofobii i social'nogo doverija. Bjulleten' № 1. 2004.
  10. Tkachenko N.V. Osobennosti vlijanija jetnonacional'nyh ustanovok na jetnicheskie predubezhdenija v rannem junosheskom vozraste: Avtoref. diss. ... kand. psihol. nauk. — M.: MGPPU, 2009. 25 s.
  11. Huhlaev O.E. Jetnonacional'nye ustanovki i cennosti sovremennoj molodezhi (na materiale issledovanija studenchestva neskol'kih regionov Rossii) / O.E. Huhlaev, A.A. Buchek, R.I. Zinurova, N.K. Radina, T.C. Tudupova, Je.R. Hakimov // Kul'turno-istoricheskaja psihologija. 2011. № 4. S. 97—106.
  12. Baron A.S., Banaji M.R. The development of implicit attitudes. Evidence of race evaluation from ages 6 and 10 and adulthood // Psychological Science. 2006. Vol. 17, №1. P. 53—58.
  13. Brown C.S. American elementary school children's attitudes about immigrants, immigration, and being an American // Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 2011. Vol. 32, № 3. P. 109—117.
  14. Chomа B.L., Hodson G., Costello K. Intergroup disgust sensitivity as a predictor of islamophobia: The modulating effect of fear // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2012. Vol. 48, № 2. P. 499—506.
  15. Coffe H., Voorpostel M. Young people, parents and radical right voting. The Case of the Swiss People's Party Original Research // Electoral Studies. 2010. Vol. 29, № 3. P. 435—443.
  16. Cross J.R., Fletcher K.L. Associations of parental and peer characteristics with adolescents' social dominance orientation // Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 2011. Vol. 40, № 6. P. 694—706.
  17. Degner J. Hostility-Related Prejudice Against Turks in Adolescents: Masked Affective Priming Allows for a Differentiation of Automatic Prejudice / J. Degner, D. Wentura, B. Gniewosz, P. Noack // Basic and Applied Psychology. 2007. Vol. 29, № 3. P. 245—256.
  18. Fiore I. The psychological dynamics that make people xenophobic // Rivista di psicologia clinica: Teoria e metodi dell'intervento. 2008. Vol. 3. P. 251—274.
  19. Gaertner L., Iuzzini J., O'Mara E.M. When rejection by one fosters aggression against many: Multiple victim aggression as a consequence of social rejection and perceived groupness // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2008. Vol. 44, № 4. P. 958—970.
  20. Gaertner S., Dovidio J. A common ingroup identity: A categorization-based approach for reducing intergroup bias // Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination / Todd D. Nelson (Ed.). New York: Psychology Press 2009. P. 489—505.
  21. Harakis K. Anti-Social Behaviour of Youths in Cyprus: Racist Trends (in Greek) / K. Harakis, A. Sitas, K. Sotiriades, L. Demetriou, C Charakis., E. Alexandrou. 2005.
  22. Hirschfeld L.A. Children's developing conceptions of race // Handbook of race, racism and the developing child. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2008.
  23. Hodson G., Costello K. Interpersonal disgust, ideological orientations, and dehumanization as predictors of intergroup attitudes // Psychological Science. 2007. Vol. 18, № 8. P. 691—698.
  24. Hook D., Eagle G. Xenophobia: A new pathology for a new Africa? // Psychopathology and Social Prejudice. Cape Town: UCT Press, 2002. P. 169—181.
  25. Killen M., McGlothlin H., Henning, A. Explicit judgments and implicit bias. Intergroup attitudes and relations in childhood through adulthood. 2008.
  26. Kteily N.S, Sidanius J., Levin S. Social dominance orientation: Cause or 'mere effect'? Evidence for SDO as a causal predictor of prejudice and discrimination against ethnic and racial outgroups // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2011. Vol. 47, № 1. P. 208—214.
  27. From prejudice to intergroup emotions: Differentiated reactions to social groups / Mackie D.M, Smith E.R (Eds.). New York: Taylor & Franscis. 2002. 306 p.
  28. Navarrete C.D, Fessler D.M.T. Disease avoidance and ethnocentrism: The effects of disease vulnerability and disgust sensitivity on intergroup attitudes // Evolution and Human Behavior. 2006. Vol. 27, № 4. P. 270—282.
  29. Pfeifer J. Social identities and intergroup bias in immigrant and nonimmigrant children / J. Pfeifer, D. Rubble, M. Bachman, J. Alvarez, J. Cameron, A. Fuligni // Developmental Psychology. 2007. Vol. 43, № 2. P. 495—507.
  30. Reizabal L., Valencia J., Barrett M. National identifications and attitudes to national ingroups and outgroups amongst children living in the Basque country // Infant and Child Development. 2004. Vol. 13, № 1. P. 1—20.
  31. Schaafsma J., Williams K.D. Exclusion, intergroup hostility, and religious fundamentalism // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2012. Vol. 48, № 4. P. 829—837.
  32. Spyrou S. Between intimacy and intolerance: Greek Cypriot children's encounters with Asian domestic workers // Childhood. 2009. Vol. 16, № 2. P. 155—173.
  33. Tropp L.R. The psychological impact of prejudice: Implications for intergroup contact // Group Processes and Intergroup Relations. 2003. Vol. 6, № 2. P. 131—146.
  34. Wahl K. Development of Xenophobia and Aggression // International Journal and Applied Criminal Justice. 2002. Vol. 26, № 2. P. 247—256.
  35. White F.A. Adolescent racial prejudice development: The role of friendship quality and interracial contact / F.A White, B. Wootton, J. Man, H. Diaz, J. Rasiah, E. Swift, A. Wilkinson // International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 2009. Vol. 33, № 6. P. 524—534.
  36. Yakushko O. Xenophobia. Understanding the Roots and Consequences of Negative Attitudes Toward Immigrants. The Counseling Psychologist. 2009. Vol. 37, № 1. P. 36—66.
  37. Zembylas M., Michaelidou A., Afantintou-Lambrianou T. Greek Cyprical adolescent attitudes toward immigrant and «enemy-other» in the content of an ethnic conflict // Mediterranean Journal of Educational Studies. 2010. Vol.15, № 1. P. 5—39.
  38. Ziebertz H.-G., Tuin L. Displeasure at plurality and fear of strangers? An empirical study among youth in Germany and the Netherlands // Intercultural Education. 2008. Vol. 19, № 1. P. 53—65.

Information About the Authors

Oksana D. Gurina, PhD in Psychology, Main Expert, Moscow Research Center, Associate Professor, Department of Legal Psychology and Law, Faculty of Legal Psyсhology, Moscow State University of Psychology & Education, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4369-5450, e-mail: godgur@yandex.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 3104
Previous month: 5
Current month: 3

Downloads

Total: 1713
Previous month: 3
Current month: 4