Theoretical Attitude to Reality in the Project Setup as a Type of Personal Identity

The article is focused on the formulation and comprehension of the problem of the genesis of theoretical thinking, its meaning and purpose in the world today. The genesis of the theoretical attitude to reality is considered not only in the exploratory or quasi-exploratory activity, but primarily within the project transformative action. This is due to the fact that under the project transformative action the naturalization and reification of subjectedness of knowledge is impossible, the subject of conversion in respect to which the theoretical attitude is realized. The article analyzes the research practice of Davydov and his typology of educational actions: specific substantive action, modeling action, action of models’ transformation. Particular attention is paid to the distinction and connection between two important understandings of the learning activity and learning task. The learning task is considered as the process of finding a general method for solving a whole class of objectpractical problems (V. V. Davydov, L. V. Bertsfai) and the learning task as a step of self transformation (D. B. Elkonin, I. I. Ilyasov). The presented issue of genesis of the theoretical attitude to the reality is discussed in the article from the psycho-anthropological, philosophical and socio-cultural positions.