A system of critical psychological help to the subjects of educational environment

The contribution presents an analysis and generalization of the experience of foreign colleagues (the USA) aiming at helping Russian specialists to know the most effective developments in the field of critical psychological help. In the contribution a system of critical psychological help is understood as a complex of actions on preventing and minimizing the consequences of a critical event, rendering urgent psychological help and subsequent counseling of psychologically traumatized persons. It presents a historical review of the development of the system of critical psychological help to the subjects of educational environment in the USA. It analyzes the strategies of critical psychological help in chronological order: preparation for critical situations in educational institutions (school crisis plans), direct response to crisis (psychological first aid), working with psychotrauma. An algorithm of working in critical situation is give (PREPaRE model: prevention of psychological traumatization, support of physical health and sense of security, evaluation of psychological traumatization, securing of interventions, response to psychological needs and evaluation of effectiveness of critical preventive measures and interventions), the most effective methods of working with children’s psychological trauma are identified.

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