Psychological Well-Being of a Teenager: on the Issue of Diagnostic Tools

In the Federal State Educational Standard for Basic General Education, the promotion of the psychological and social well-being of adolescents is formulated as a professional task of specialists. The article presents an analysis of the work of a school psychologist with the basic characteristics of the quality of life of adolescents - psychological well-being and sociometric status as a reliable indicator of the social well-being of students. The relevance of the article is determined by two aspects – the deepening of knowledge about the psychological and social well-being of modern adolescents, as well as the justification for the use of a convenient diagnostic case by a school psychologist. The relevance of the article is determined by two aspects – the deepening of knowledge about the psychological and social well-being of modern adolescents, as well as the justification for the use of a convenient diagnostic case by a school psychologist. The purpose of the article is to present an analysis of the use of a compact diagnostic case that can be recommended to a teacher–psychologist for rapid diagnosis of the psychological well-being of adolescents, as well as for identifying adolescents at social risk. This case includes the following methods: sociometric measurements by J.L. Moreno, resilience by S. Muddy, scale of psychological well-being (Warwick-Edinburgh), self-confidence by N.B. Astanina. 148 schoolchildren of the 8th grades of Moscow, aged 14-15 years, participated in the study. The recommended diagnostic case meets the characteristics that are significant from the point of view of a school psychologist, which complement the regulatory requirements, including those corresponding to the evidence-based approach in psychodiagnostics. Additional characteristics of the case include: the availability of methods for presentation in various formats; a study procedure that is comfortable in terms of duration and processing of results; the correctness of the content and wording of the questions.

1. Gurko T.A. Blagopoluchie detei v razlichnykh semeinykh strukturakh: obzor rezul'tatov zarubezhnykh issledovanii [Children's well-being in various family structures: a review of foreign research results] [Elektronnyi resurs]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo. Seriya: Sotsial'nye nauki [Vestnik of Lobachevsky University of Nizhni Novgorod], Vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 45–53. DOI:10.52452/18115942_2021_1_45 (In Russ.).
2. Gurko T.A. Dinamika zhiznedeyatel'nosti i faktory blagopoluchiya podrostkov [The dynamics of life activity and factors of teenagers well-being]. Mir Rossii  [Universe of Russia], Vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 119–137. DOI:10.17323/1811-038X-2023-32-4-119-13 (In Russ.).
3. Dubrovina I.V. Fenomen «psikhologicheskoe blagopoluchie» v kontekste sotsial'noi situatsii razvitiya [The phenomena of “psychological well-being” in the context of the social situation of development]. Vestnik prakticheskoi psikhologii obrazovaniya = Bulletin of Practical Psychology of Education, Vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 9–21. DOI:10.17759/bppe.2020170301 (In Russ.).
4. Dukhnovskii S.V. Psikhodiagnostika: uchebnik i praktikum dlya vuzov. Moscow: Publ. Yurait, 2023. 353 p. (In Russ.).
5. Egorova M.A., Terekhova A.M. Vospitatel'naya deyatel'nost' kak resurs sokhraneniya i ukrepleniya psikhologicheskogo blagopoluchiya mladshikh shkol'nikov [Elektronnyi resurs] [Educational activity as a resource for preserving and strengthening the psychological well-being of primary school children]. Vestnik prakticheskoi psikhologii obrazovaniya = Bulletin of Practical Psychology of Education, 2023. Vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 71–80. DOI:10.17759/bppe.2023200107 (In Russ.).
6. Ibadullaeva G.M. Psikhologicheskie aspekty issledovaniya sotsiometricheskogo statusa u podrostkov [Elektronnyi resurs] [Psychological aspects of the study of sociometric status in adolescents]. Vostochno-evropeiskii nauchnyi zhurnal Еastern european scientific journal], 2021, no. 3-4(67), pp. 41–52. Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=45661856 (Accessed in: 31.08.2024) (In Russ.).
7. Izmerenie pokazatelei i postanovka tselevykh orientirov v oblasti blagopoluchiya. Parizh, Frantsiya, 25–26 iyunya 2012 g. [Elektronnyi resurs]. World Healht Organization Europe. Available at: https://www.euro.who.int/_data/assets/pdf_file/0004/195511/e96732r.pdf (Accessed in: 31.08.2024) (In Russ.).
8. Kaiipbekova I.U., Gagai V.V. Zhiznestoikost' kak osnovanie preodoleniya trudnykh zhiznennykh situatsii podrostkami iz semei migrantov [Elektronnyi resurs] [Hardiness as the basis for overcoming difficult life situations by adolescents from migrant families]. Mir nauki. Pedagogika i psikhologiya [World of Science. Pedagogy and psychology], 2021. Vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1–11. Available at: https://mir-nauki.com/PDF/33PSMN221.pdf (Accessed in: 31.08.2024) (In Russ.).
9. Lebedeva A.A., Leont'ev D.A. Sovremennye podkhody k izucheniyu kachestva zhizni: ot ob"ektivnykh kontekstov k sub"ektivnym [Modern approaches to investigate the life quality from objective to subjective contexts]. Sotsial'naya psikhologiya i obshchestvo = Social Psychology and Society, 2022. Vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 142–162. DOI:10.17759/sps.202213040 (In Russ.).
10. Leont'ev D.A. Kachestvo zhizni i blagopoluchie: ob"ektivnye, sub"ektivnye i sub"ektnye aspekty [Quality of life and well-being: objective, subjective and agentic aspects]. Psikhologicheskii zhurna [Psychological Journal], Vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 86–95. DOI:10.31857/S020595920012592-7 (In Russ.).
11. Leont'ev D.A. Schast'e i sub"ektivnoe blagopoluchie: k konstruirovaniyu ponyatiinogo polya [Elektronnyi resurs] [Happiness and well-being: toward the construction of the conceptual field]. Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya: Ekonomicheskie i sotsial'nye peremeny [Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes], 2020. Vol. 155, no. 1, pp. 14–37. DOI:10.14515/monitoring.2020.1.02 (In Russ.).
12. Medvedeva G.P., Shimanovskaya Ya.V. Sotsial'noe blagopoluchie, kak smysl sotsial'noi deyatel'nosti [Elektronnyi resurs] [Social well-being as meaning of social activity]. Pravo i praktika [Тhe law and practice], 2018, no. 4, pp. 293–299. Available at: https://helri.com/pip/pip-2018-4-soderjanie.pdf (Accessed in: 31.08.2024) (In Russ.).
13. Moreno Ya.L. Sotsiometriya: Eksperimental'nyi metod i nauka ob obshchestve. Moscow: Akademicheskii proekt, 2001. 383 p.
14. Nartova-Bochaver S.K., Podlipnyak M.B., Khokhlova A.Yu. Vera v spravedlivyi mir i psikhologicheskoe blagopoluchie u glukhikh i slyshashchikh podrostkov i vzroslykh [Elektronnyi resurs] [Belief in a just world and mental well-being in deaf and hearing youth and adultsts]. Klinicheskaya i spetsial'naya psikhologiya = Clinical Psychology and Special Education, Vol. 2, no. 3. Available at: http://psyjournals.ru/psyclin/2013/n3/64003.shtml (Accessed in: 31.08.2024) (In Russ.).
15. Nikitina E.V. Fenomen zhiznestoikosti: kontseptsiya, sovremennye vzglyady i issledovaniya [Elektronnyi resurs] [The phenomenon of hardiness: concept, modern views and research]. Academy, 2017, no. 4(19), pp. 100–103. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/fenomen-zhiznestoykosti-kontseptsiya-sovremennye-vzglyady-i-issledovaniya (Accessed in: 31.08.2024) (In Russ.).
16. Osin E.N., Rasskazova E.I. Kratkaya versiya testa zhiznestoikosti: psikhometricheskie kharakteristiki i primenenie v organizatsionnom kontekste [Short version of the test of resilience: psychometric characteristics and application in an organizational context]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya № 14. Psikhologiya = Lomonosov Psychology Journal, 2013, no. 2, pp. 147–165.
17. Pantyushev I.N. Psikhologicheskoe blagopoluchie podrostkov s razlichnym sotsiometricheskim statusom v klasse [Elektronnyi resurs]: Avtoref. vypusknoi kvalifikatsionnoi raboty. Moscow, 2019. 5 p. Available at: https://psychlib.ru/resource/pdf/studwork/PantyushevIN_2019/PantyushevIN_9.pdf#page=1 (Accessed in: 31.08.2024) (In Russ.).
18. Prikaz Ministerstva prosveshcheniya Rossiiskoi Federatsii ot 31 maya 2021 g. № 287 «Ob utverzhdenii Federal'nogo gosudarstvennogo obrazovatel'nogo standarta osnovnogo obshchego obrazovaniya» (Zaregistrirovano v Minyuste Rossii 05.07.2021 № 64101). Available at: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/401333920/ (Accessed in: 31.08.2024) (In Russ.).
19. Reshenie Vserossiiskogo s"ezda psikhologicheskikh sluzhb v sisteme obrazovaniya Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Moskva, 09 dekabrya 2023 g. Available at: https://mgppu.ru/resources/images/faculties/Rieshieniie_Siezda.pdf (Accessed in: 31.08.2024) (In Russ.).
20. Runets O.V. Aprobatsiya lichnostnogo oprosnika N.B. Astaninoi «Metodika izucheniya doveriya k sebe» [Approbation of personality questionnaire by n.b. astanina “a technique for exploring self-trust”]. Sotsial'naya psikhologiya i obshchestvo = Social Psychology and Society, 2015. Vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 170–182. DOI:10.17759/sps.2015060413 (In Russ.).
21. Sachkova M.E. Psikhologiya srednestatusnogo uchashchegosya: monografiya [Psychology of the average student: monograph]. Moscow: Publ. Yurait, 2023. 202 p.
22. Yaroshchuk I.V. Psikhologiya zhiznestoikosti: obzor teoreticheskikh kontseptsii, empiricheskikh issledovanii i metodik diagnostiki [The psychology of hardiness: a review of theoretical concepts, empirical research and diagnostic techniques]. Uchenye zapiski Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo instituta psikhologii i sotsial'noi raboty [SPbSIPSW Scientific Notes], 2020. Vol 33, no. 1, pp. 50–60 (In Russ.).
23. Cameron Anderson, Michael W. Kraus, Adam D. Galinsky, Dacher Keltner. The Local-Ladder Effect: Social Status and Subjective Well-Being. Psychological Science, 2012. Vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 764–771. DOI:10.1177/0956797611434537
24. Dietrich L., Cohen J. Understanding Classroom Bullying Climates: the Role of Student Body Composition, Relationships, and Teaching Quality. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, Vol. 3, pp. 34–47. DOI:10.1007/s42380-019-00059-x
25. Marmara J., Zarate D., Vassallo J. et al. Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS): measurement invariance across genders and item response theory examination. BMC psychology, 2022. Vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–17. DOI:10.1186/s40359-022-00720-z
26. Moore S., Diener E. Types of Subjective Well-Being and Their Associations with Relationship Outcomes. Journal of Positive Psychology & Wellbeing, 2019. Vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 112–118. Available at: https://journalppw.com/ (Accessed in: 31.08.2024)
27. Ryff C.D., Keyes C.L.M. The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1995. Vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 719–727. DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
28. Tagareva K. Sotsialno-komunikativni kompetentsii v preduchilishchna v"zrast. Padagogika, 2023.Vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 40–48. DOI:10.53656/ped2023-4s.04