The Review of Materials on the Current Legislation and Practice of France in the Field of Prevention of Social Orphanhood

The review is devoted to the description of the experience of the French Republic in the field of prevention of social orphanhood, including an analysis of the norms of French legislation that allows a child to be kept in a blood family, a legally formalized system of relations between a child, guardianship authorities, foster family and biological parents. The main directions of activity and key principles of the work of specialists of the child protection system, the grounds and criteria for the temporary removal of a child from the family, the procedure for the temporary removal and placement of a child with family assistants or in non-profit organizations, the conditions for the return of a child to parents are given. At the center of the child and family protection system is a specialized children’s judicial system, which includes judicial authorities and educational services, and centers. The main life scenarios of children at risk of deprivation of parental care who have fallen into the state guardianship system are considered. At the head of all the work is the principle that the main defenders of the rights and interests of the child are his parents, and the process of providing assistance is always based on finding a clear balance between the rights of parents and the interests of the child, and the requirements for the validity of decisions made by specialists, including judges, must be strictly observed. The practice of France is of interest in connection with the reform of the system of protection of the rights of minors, including issues of guardianship and guardianship, initiated in Russia.

1. Bertrand U. Zashchita prav nesovershennoletnikh vo Frantsii. Istoriya voprosa [Protection of the rights of minors in France. Background of the issue] [Elektronnyi resurs]. Voprosy yuvenal’noi yustitsii = Issues of juvenile justice, 2007, no. 3(12). Available at: http://www.juvenjust.org/txt/index.php/t543.html (Accessed 26.09.2021).
2. Demkina E.V., Taova M.Sh. Upravlenie sotsial’nymi programmami pomoshchi sem’e i detyam kak klyuchevoi element semeinoi politiki vo Frantsii [Management of social programs to help families and children as a key element of family policy in France]. Vestnik Adygeiskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 3: Pedagogika i psikhologiya = Bulletin of the Adygea State University. Series 3: Pedagogy and Psychology, 2018, no. 4(228). Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/upravlenie-sotsialnymi-programmami-pomoschi-semie-i-detyam-kak-klyuchevoy-element-semeynoy-politiki-vo-frantsii (Accessed 26.09.2021).
3. Sem’ya G.V., Lashkul M.V., Zaitseva N.G., Popov A.G. Sbornik informatsionno-metodicheskikh materialov po voprosam zashchity prav detei-sirot i detei, ostavshikhsya bez popecheniya roditelei, dlya spetsialistov organov opeki i popechitel’stva [Collection of information and methodological materials on the protection of the rights of orphans and children left without parental care for specialists of guardianship and guardianship authorities]. by G.V. Sem’ya. Moscow: Kvant Media, 2018. 1249 p.
4. Chernyaeva O. Zashchita detei vo Frantsii [Protection of children in France] [Elektronnyi resurs]. Letidor, 2014. Available at: https://letidor.ru/pravo/zaschita-detey-vo-francii.htm (Accessed 26.09.2021).
5. Zarubezhnaya praktika zashchity prav rebenka. Spravka [Foreign practice of protecting the rights of the child. Reference] [Elektronnyi resurs]. RIA NOVOSTI, 2010. Available at: https://ria. ru/20100317/214971297.html (Accessed 26.10.2021).
6. Article 1200 [Electronic resource]. Code de procédure civile: Section II: L’assistance educative, 1982. Available at: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006412189/2021-02-10 (Accessed 26.10.2021).
7. Article 371-5 [Electronic resource]. Code civil: Chapitre Ier: De l’autorité parentale relativement à la personne de l’enfant, 1997. Available at: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/ LEGIARTI000006426476 (Accessed 26.10.2021).
8. Article 375 [Electronic resource]. Code civil: Section 2: De l’assistance educative, 2016. Available at: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000032207495/ (Accessed 26.10.2021).
9. Article 375-1 [Electronic resource]. Code civil: Section 2: De l’assistance educative, Available at: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006426781/1971-01-01 (Accessed 26.10.2021).
10. Article 375-2 [Electronic resource]. Code civil: Section 2: De l’assistance educative, 2015. Available at: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000027573158/ (Accessed 26.10.2021).
11. Article 375-3 [Electronic resource]. Code civil: Section 2: De l’assistance educative, 2015. Available at: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000038310858?init=true&page=1&query= +Article+375-3++-+Code+civil&searchField=ALL&tab_selection=all (Accessed 30.10.2021).
12. Article 375-5 [Electronic resource]. Code civil: Section 2: De l’assistance educative, 2021. Available at: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000038310858/ (Accessed 26.10.2021).
13. Article 375-7 [Electronic resource]. Code civil: Section 2: De l’assistance éducative (Articles 375 à 375-9), 2016. Available at: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGIARTI000032655163/#LEGIAR TI000032655163 (Accessed 30.10.2021).
14. Article 378 [Electronic resource]. Code civil: Section 4: Du retrait total ou partiel de l’autorité parentale et du retrait de l’exercic, 2020. Available at: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/ LEGIARTI000042193452/ (Accessed 30.10.2021).
15. Article 378-1 [Electronic resource]. Code civil: Section 4: Du retrait total ou partiel de l’autorité parentale et du retrait de l’exercic, 1996. Available at: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/ LEGIARTI000027432064/2013-05-19 (Accessed 30.10.2021).
16. Article L 222-5 [Electronic resource]. Code de l’action sociale et des familles: Chapitre II: Prestations d’aide sociale à l’enfance, 2016. Available at: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/ LEGIARTI000032207405/ (Accessed 30.10.2021).
17. Article L 223-2 [Electronic resource]. Code de l’action sociale et des familles: Chapitre III: Droits des familles dans leurs rapports avec, 2007. Available at: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/ LEGIARTI000006796811 (Accessed 11.11.2021).
18. Article L 223-5 [Electronic resource]. Code de l’action sociale et des familles: Chapitre III: Droits des familles dans leurs rapports avec, 2016. Available at: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/ LEGIARTI000032207501/ (Accessed 11.11.2021).
19. Code de l’action sociale et des familles [Code of social action and families] [Electronic resource]. République Française. Legifrance. Available at: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/texte_lc/ LEGITEXT000006074069/2021-09-14/ (Accessed 11.09.2021).
20. De l’autorité parentale relativement à la personne de l’enfant (Articles 371 à 381-2) [Of parental authority in relation to the child’s person (Articles 371 to 381-2)] [Electronic resource]. Code civil: Titre IX: De l’autorité parentale (Articles 371 à 387-6). Available at: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/ section_lc/LEGITEXT000006070721/LEGISCTA000006117839/#LEGISCTA000006117839 (Accessed 11.09.2021).
21. Au coeur du dispositif pénal des mineurs: rencontre avec la directrice de la protection judiciaire de la jeunesse. Propos recueillis par Nathalie Hantz [At the heart of the juvenile penal system: meeting with the director of youth judicial protection. Interview by Nathalie Hantz] [Electronic resource]. Village de la Justice, Available at: https://www.village-justice.com/articles/directrice-pjj,32677.html (Accessed 26.09.2021).