Строганова Т.А. доктор биологических наук, профессор, руководитель Центра нейрокогнитивных исследований (МЭГ-Центр), ФГБОУ ВО МГППУ, Москва, Россия e-mail: stroganova56@mail.ru
Орехова Е.В. кандидат психологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, ФГБОУ ВО МГППУ, Москва, Россия e-mail: orekhova.elena.v@gmail.com
Галюта И.А. Научный сотрудник, Лаборатория междисциплинарных исследований аутизма, ФГБОУ ВО МГППУ, Москва, Россия e-mail: iliagaluta@gmail.com
Расстройства аутистического спектра (РАС) традиционно рассматривают как нарушение взаимодействия с другими людьми. Расстройства внимания у людей с РАС, если и отмечались, то до последнего времени не входили в число основных критериев диагностики аутизма. Сейчас все больше исследователей приходят к выводу о том, что затруднения с переключением внимания, которые испытывают многие люди с РАС, могут быть узловым дефицитом, определяющим многие характерные для аутизма паттерны поведения. В предлагаемом вниманию читателя обзоре литературы мы выясним, что нового добавляют нейрофизиологические данные к пестрому ландшафту существующих в психологии гипотез о причинах нарушений внимания у детей с РАС. Далее, основываясь на этих данных, мы попробуем обосновать новую гипотезу о том, что ряд «низкоуровневых» нарушений при аутизме вы зван функциональным дефицитом в никотиновой ветви холинергической модулирующей системы.
* Работа поддержана грантом Российского научного фонда 14-35-00060
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