Взаимосвязь «Большой пятерки» черт личности и медиа-многозадачности: исследование на индийской выборке

Медиа-многозадачность (media multitasking, MMT) — явление, всё чаще встречающееся среди студентов индийских университетов. Предыдущие исследования, проводившиеся на выборках других национальностей, показывают, что личностные черты пользователей играют существенную роль в возникновении такого поведения. В настоящей работе на выборке индийских студентов изучалась взаимосвязь между ММТ и «большой пятеркой» черт личности, а также влияние возраста на их взаимоотношение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют, что, помимо социо-демографических факторов, положительно коррелируют с высоким ММТ такие черты личности, как открытость опыту, экстраверсия и нейротизм. Вместе с тем обнаружена и возрастная специфика наблюдаемой корреляции. Результаты исследования могут оказаться полезными при разработке методик для коррекции поведения, связанного с ММТ, ориентированных на разные возрастные группы и учитывающих различные конфигурации черт личности.

1. Allen Mark S., Vella Stewart A. and Laborde Sylvain Sport participation, screen time, and personality trait development during childhood. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2015. Vol. 33, pp. 375—390. DOI:10.1111/bjdp.12102
2. Becker Mark W., Alzahabi Reem and Hopwood Christopher J. Media Multitasking is Associated with Symptoms of Depression and Social Anxiety. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 2013. Vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 132— 135. DOI:10.1089/cyber.2012.0291
3. Brailovskaia Julia and Margraf JuÈrgen What does media use reveal about personality and mental health? An exploratory investigation among German students. PLOS ONE, 2018. Vol. 13, no. 1, pp. e0191810. DOI: 10.1371/journal. pone.0191810
4. Butt Sarah and Phillips James G Personality and self reported mobile phone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 2008. Vol. 24, pp. 346—360. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2007.01.019
5. Cain Matthew S. [et al.] Media Multitasking in Adolescence. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2016. Vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1932—1941. DOI: 10.3758/s13423-016-1036-3
6. Correa Teresa, Hinsley Amber Willard and Zúñiga Homero Gil de Who interacts on the Web?: The intersection of users- personality and social media use. Computers in Human Behavior, 2010. Vol. 26, pp. 247—253. DOI:10.1016/j. chb.2009.09.003
7. Donnellan Brent M and Lucas Richard E Age differences in the big five across the life span: Evidence from two national samples. Psychology and Aging, 2008. Vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 558—566. DOI: 10.1037/a0012897
8. Hwang Yoori and Jeong Se-Hoon Information Seeking and Sharing while Media Multitasking Demographic, Psychological, and Cultural predictors. Journal of Media Economics and Culture, 2018. 3: Vol. 16, pp. 78—109. DOI:10.21328/JMEC.2018.8.16.3.78
9. Jain Sorav YouTube Users Stats and Facts [2019 Update with Infographic]. Social Media and Digital Marketing Blog, 2019. URL: https://www.soravjain.com/youtube-users-stats-facts-2019-infographic
10. Johansson Ole J. and Fyhri Aslak “Maybe I Will Just Send a Quick Text…” — An Examination of Drivers’ Distractions, Causes, and Potential Interventions. Frontiers in Psychology, 2017. Vol. 8, p. 1957. DOI:10.3389/ fpsyg.2017.01957
11. John O. P. and Srivastava S. The Big-Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. Handbook of personality: Theory and research. Book auth. Pervin L. A. and John O. P. New York: Guildford Press, 1999. Vol. 2.
12. Liberman Matthew D. and Rosenthal Robert Why Introverts Can’t Always Tell Who Likes Them: Multitasking and Nonverbal Decoding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2001. Vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 294—310. DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.80.2.294
13. Lim Sohye and Shim Hongjin Who Multitasks on Smartphones? Smartphone Multitaskers’ Motivations and Personality Traits. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 2016. Vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 223—227. DOI:10.1089/ cyber.2015.0225
14. Magan Dipti [et al.] Age and gender might influence big five factors of personality: a preliminary report in Indian population. Indian Journal of Psychology and Pharmacology, 2014. Vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 381—388. URL: https://www.ijpp. com/IJPP%20archives/2014_58_4/381-388.pdf
15. Mark Gloria [et al.] Neurotics Can’t focus: An in situ Study of Online Multitasking in the Workplace. CHI’16. San Jose, CA: ACM, 2016, pp. 1—6. DOI:10.1145/2858036.2858202
16. Mark Gloria Multitasking in the digital age. Synthesis Lectures on Human-Centered Informatics. In Carroll John M. (ed.) [s.l.]: Morgan and Claypool Publishers, 2015. Vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1—113. DOI: 10.2200/S00635ED1V01Y201503HCI029
17. Ophir E., Nass C. and Wagner A. D. Cognitive control in media multitaskers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. Vol. 106, no. 37, pp. 15583—15587. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0903620106
18. Sanbonmatsu D. M. [et al.] Who multi-tasks and why? Multi-tasking ability,perceived multi-tasking ability, impulsivity and sensation seeking. PLOS ONE, 2013. Vol. 8, no. 1, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0054402
19. Schuur Winneke A. van der [et al.] The consequences of media multitasking for youth- A review. Computers in Human Behavior, 2015. Vol. 53, pp. 204—215. DOI:10.1016/j. chb.2015.06.035
20. Shih Shui-I A Null Relationship between Media Multitasking and Well-Being. PLOS ONE, 2013. Vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 1—10. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0064508
21. Shukla Shanu and Sharma Pritee Emotions and Media Multitasking Behavior among Indian College Students. Journal of Creative Communications. [s.l.]: Sage, 2018. Vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 197—211.
22. Soto Christopher J. The Little Six Personality Dimensions From Early Childhood to Early Adulthood: Mean- Level Age and Gender Differences in Parents’ Reports. Journal of Personality, 2015, pp. 1—14. DOI:10.1111/jopy.12168
23. Statista Leading countries based on number of Facebook users as of January 2020 (in millions), 2020. URL: https:// www.statista.com/statistics/268136/top-15-countries-based-on-number-of-facebook-users/
24. Statista Leading countries based on number of Instagram users as of January 2020 (in millions), 2020. URL: https://www.statista.com/statistics/578364/countries-with-most-instagram-users/
25. Statistics. LinkedIn Newsroom. https://news.linkedin. com/about-us#statistics.
26. Tokan Fatih Media as multitasking: An exploratory study on capturing audiences’ media multitasking and multiple media use behaviours. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. 2011. URL: https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/2754
27. Voorveld H.A.M. [et al.] Investigating the Prevalence and Predictors of Media Multitasking Across Countries. International Journal of Communication, 2014. Vol. 8, pp. 2755—2777.URL: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/ view/2556
28. Wang Zheng and Tchernev John M. The “Myth” of Media Multitasking: Reciprocal Dynamics of Media Multitasking, Personal Needs, and Gratifications. Journal of Communication, 2012. Vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 493—513. DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01641.x
29. Widyahastuti Rizki and Anwar Zainul Effect of Personality (Big Five Personality) To Multitasking. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, Proceedings of the 3rd ASEAN Conference on Psychology, Counselling, and Humanities (ACPCH 2017). [s.l.]: Atlantis Press, 2018, pp. 230—235. DOI: 10.2991/acpch-17.2018.48
30. Xu Shan, Wang Zheng and David Prabu Media multitasking and well-being of university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 2016. Vol. 55, pp. 242—250. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.040
31. Zuniga Homero Gil de [et al.] Personality Traits and Social Media Use in 20 Countries: How Personality Relates to Frequency of Social Media Use, Social Media News Use, and Social Media Use for Social Interaction. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 2017. Vol. 20, pp. 540—552. DOI:10.1089/cyber.2017.0295