Влияние раскрашивания мандал на альфа-активность головного мозга у студентов в Малайзии: рандомизированное контролируемое исследование

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Студенты университетов часто испытывают стресс и тревогу, что негативно сказывается на их успеваемости. Уменьшить выраженность симптомов тревоги может раскрашивание мандал — один из видов арт-терапии. Объективным критерием оценки такого вмешательства служат изменения электрической активности головного мозга: известно, что мощность альфа-ритма отражает психологическое состояние человека и его ответ на внешние воздействия.

ЦЕЛЬ: Оценить влияние раскрашивания мандал на альфа-активность головного мозга и выраженность симптомов тревоги у студентов Научного университета Малайзии.

МЕТОДЫ: В рандомизированном контролируемом исследовании 60 студентов в возрасте от 18 до 25 лет (средний возраст — 22,97 года, стандартное отклонение — 1,03) со среднетяжелым и тяжелым уровнем тревоги были случайным образом распределены либо в группу вмешательства (n=30), участники которой раскрашивали геометрические мандалы, либо в контрольную группу (n=30), участники которой раскрашивали пустые окружности. Электрическую активность головного мозга регистрировали методом электроэнцефалографии, а уровень тревоги оценивали по «Шкале тревоги Бека» (малайская версия) до и после сеанса раскрашивания. Данные анализировали с помощью смешанной модели дисперсионного анализа (ANOVA), где группа (группа вмешательства vs контрольная группа) выступала в качестве межгруппового фактора, а время и области головного мозга — в качестве внутригрупповых факторов.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: В обеих группах наблюдалось снижение выраженности симптомов тревоги в динамике, однако значимых различий между группами выявлено не было (F(1, 56)=0,03, p=0,87). При этом сравнение изменений показателей электроэнцефалограммы между группами обнаружило различия, которые касались специфических областей головного мозга: в частности, в группе раскрашивания мандал отмечалось повышение мощности альфа-ритма в лобной коре (F(3, 156)=3,21, p=0,03).

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Раскрашивание мандал сопровождалось увеличением мощности альфа-ритма в лобной коре, что указывает на более выраженное расслабление и концентрацию внимания. Симптомы тревоги уменьшились в обеих группах, занимавшихся раскрашиванием. Это говорит о том, что раскрашивание как таковое может способствовать регуляции эмоций и улучшению самочувствия. Полученные в совокупности данные позволяют предположить, что раскрашивание может служить эффективным терапевтическим методом для снижения тревоги и улучшения концентрации внимания у студентов университета.

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