Кросс-культурное исследование распознавания лиц: подход на основе локализации источников ЭЭГ

Контекст и актуальность. Исследования с использованием айтрекинга и методов пространственных частот показали, что наблюдатели из восточных и западных культур используют разные стратегии и опираются на различную зрительную информацию при восприятии лиц. Однако данные, полученные методом ЭЭГ и ВП, остаются ограниченными. Цель: изучить различия в мозговой активности при распознавании лиц у представителей разных культур, а также охарактеризовать нейронную активность, лежащую в основе «эффекта другой расы (ORE)». Методы и материалы. Был использован метод локализации источников ЭЭГ, называемый «Виртуально вживленный электрод». Российским и китайским испытуемым предлагались две задачи: восприятие и узнавание лиц своей и другой расы. Результаты. У российских наблюдателей отмечалась дополнительная значимая активация областей VO1 R и V4 R при восприятии лиц. В первые 200 мс после предъявления лица проявлялись выраженные культурные различия в областях V1 R и OFA R. Амплитуда P100 у российских участников была стабильно выше и особенно увеличивалась при узнавании лиц своей расы. Неожиданно у российских участников был обнаружен обратный ORE: несмотря на более высокие амплитуды P100 и N170 на лица своей расы в областях OFA и FFA, компонент P300, локализованный в таламусе и внутреннем бледном шаре (GPi), указывал на более интенсивную обработку лиц другой расы. Выводы. Результаты показывают, что (1) культурные различия в распознавании лиц проявляются на очень ранних этапах обработки в зрительной коре; (2) более глубокая ранняя обработка лиц своей расы не препятствует обратному ORE на более поздних стадиях. Активация таламуса и GPi, вероятно, связана с мотивационными факторами, вызывающими обратный ORE.

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