Совершенствование адаптации подростков в образовательной среде: роль привязанности к родителям и тренинга эмоциональной регуляции

Контекст и актуальность. Саморегуляция учащихся играет ключевую роль в успешности образовательного процесса. Однако все еще сохраняются такие проблемы, как низкая учебная вовлеченность, отклоняющееся поведение и трудности в социальном взаимодействии. Цель. Цель данного исследования — изучить эффективность тренинга эмоциональной регуляции в повышении саморегуляции учащихся в школе, рассматривая привязанность к родителям как модератор. Гипотеза. Тренинг регуляции эмоций эффективно способствует улучшению школьной адаптации учащихся средних классов. Методы и материалы. Исследование было проведено по экспериментальному плану с предварительным и итоговым тестированием и контрольной группой, с применением трехфакторного межгруппового дисперсионного анализа (ANOVA). В нем участвовали 62 ученика средней школы, случайным образом распределенные по экспериментальной и контрольной группам. Внутри каждой группы были выделены две подгруппы — с надежной и ненадежной привязанностью к родителям. Данные собирались с помощью Шкалы школьной адаптации, Шкалы привязанности к родителям у взрослых и Шкалы трудностей регуляции эмоций. В качестве инструмента вмешательства использовался Модуль тренинга регуляции эмоций. Результаты. Результаты показывают, что тренинг эмоциональной регуляции значимо улучшает саморегуляцию и школьную адаптацию учащихся. Кроме того, надежная привязанность к родителям усиливает положительное влияние тренинга на саморегуляцию учащихся. Выводы. Тренинг регуляции эмоций доказал свою эффективность как метод психологического воздействия, основанный на работе с эмоциями, и может быть включен в школьную программу в качестве регионального компонента. Авторы исследования рекомендуют усилить роль учителей как примеров для подражания в эмоциональной регуляции, а также улучшить качество эмоциональных отношений между родителями и детьми для успешной адаптации в школе.

1. Anjanappa, S., Govindan, R., Munivenkatappa, M. (2023). Effectiveness of anger management program on anger level , problem. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp
2. (2020). Effect of emotion regulation training based on the Gross model on anxiety among parents of children with cancer. Evidence Based Care Journal, 9(4), 40—47. https://doi.org/10.22038/ebcj.2020.42462.2138
3. Berking, M., Whitley, B. (2014). Affect Regulation Training-A Practitioners’ Manual. Springer US.
4. Chen, C.Y.C., Panebianco, A. (2020). Physical and psychological conditions of parental chronic illness, parentification and adolescent psychological adjustment. Psychology and Health, 35(9), 1075— https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2019.1699091
5. Chen, X., Wang, Z., Shao, J. (2022). The relationship between parent-child attachment and depression among Chinese adolescents : The effect of emotional regulation strategies and beliefs about adversity. Current Psychology, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-02714-x
6. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (Second Edi). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
7. Criss, M.M., Cui, L., Wood, E.E., Morris, A.S. (2021). Associations between emotion regulation and adolescent Adjustment difficulties: moderating effects of parents and peers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30(8), 1979— https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-01972-w
8. Di Giunta, L., Lunetti, C., Gliozzo, G., Rothenberg, W.A., Lansford, J.E., Eisenberg, N., Pastorelli, C., Basili, E., Fiasconaro, I., Thartori, E., Favini, A., Virzì, A.T. (2022). Negative parenting, adolescents’ emotion regulation, self-efficacy in emotion regulation, and psychological adjustment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 2251. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042251
9. Field, A. (2017). Discovering Statistic Using IBM SPSS Statistic 5th. Sage Publication, 53(9), 1689—
10. Flykt, M., Vänskä, M., Punamäki, R.L., Heikkilä, L., Tiitinen, A., Poikkeus, P., Lindblom, J. (2021). Adolescent attachment profiles are associated with mental health and risk-taking behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(December), 1— https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.761864
11. Fombouchet, Y., Lucenet, J., Pineau, S., Lannegrand, L. (2023). The development of emotion regulation in adolescence : What do we know and where to go next ? Social Development, 32(4), 1227— https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12684
12. Green, A.L., Ferrante, S., Boaz, T.L., Kutash, K., Wheeldon-Reece, B. (2021). Social and emotional learning during early adolescence: Effectiveness of a classroom-based SEL program for middle school students. Psychology in the Schools, 58(6), 1056— https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22487
13. (2014). Handbook of emotion regulation (2nd ed.). New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
14. Houck, C.D., Hadley, W., Barker, D., Brown, L.K., Hancock, E., Almy, B. (2016). An emotion regulation intervention to reduce risk behaviors among at-risk early adolescents. Prevention Science, 17(1), 71— https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-015-0597-0
15. Iuga, I.A., David, O.A., MarieDanet. (2023). Student burnout in children and adolescents: The role of attachment and emotion regulation. Children, 10(9), 1— https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/children10091443
16. Joe, S.J., Doh, H.-S. (2018). The development and validation of a school adjustment scale for late school-aged Children. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 39(2), 95— https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2018.39.2.95
17. Kalman-Halevi, M., Kanat-Maymon, Y., Roth, G. (2023). Antecedents of empathic capacity: Emotion regulation styles as mediators between controlling versus autonomy-supportive maternal practices and empathy. International Journal of Emotional Education, 15(1), 53— https://doi.org/10.56300/YKOL5279
18. Kamei, A., Harriott, W. (2020). Social emotional learning in virtual settings: Intervention strategies. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 13(3), 365— https://doi.org/10.26822/IEJEE.2021.196
19. Kaufman, E.A., Xia, M., Fosco, G., Yaptangco, M., Skidmore, C.R., Crowell, S.E. (2016). The difficulties in emotion regulation scale short form (DERS-SF): Validation and replication in adolescent and adult samples. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38(3), 443— https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-015-9529-3
20. Kharatzadeh, H., Alavi, M., Mohammadi, A., Visentin, D., Cleary, M. (2020). Emotional regulation training for intensive and critical care nurses. Nursing and Health Sciences, 22(2), 445— https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12679
21. Kitahara, Y., Mearns, J., Shimoyama, H. (2020). Emotion regulation and middle school adjustment in Japanese girls: Mediation by perceived social support. Japanese Psychological Research, 62(2), 138— https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12280
22. Knief, U., Forstmeier, W. (2021). Violating the normality assumption may be the lesser of two evils. Behavior Research Methods, 53(6), 2576— https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-021-01587-5
23. Lasarte, O.F., Díaz, E.R., Palacios, E.G., Fernández, A.R. (2020). The role of social support in school adjustment during secondary education. Psicothema, 32(1), 100— https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2019.125
24. LeBlanc, S., Uzun, B., Pourseied, K., Mohiyeddini, C. (2017). Effect of an emotion regulation training program on mental well-being. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 67(1), 108— https://doi.org/10.1080/00207284.2016.1203585
25. Lee, Y.E. (2023). Bioecological profiles of preschool children’s individual, familial, and educational characteristics, and their relations with school adjustment, academic performance, and executive function in first grade. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(July), 1— https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1185098
26. Li, M., Lan, R., Ma, P., Gong, H. (2023). The effect of positive parenting on adolescent life satisfaction: The mediating role of parent-adolescent attachment. Psychol., 14(July), 1—9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1183546
27. Li, Y.I., Cheng, C.L. (2022). Purpose profiles among Chinese adolescents: Association with personal characteristics, parental support, and psychological adjustment. Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(1), 102— https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1832242
28. Liu, Q., Wang, L. (2021). t-Test and ANOVA for data with ceiling and/or floor effects. Behavior Research Methods, 53(1), 264— https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-020-01407-2
29. Ma, C., Ma, Y., Lan, X. (2020). The moderating role of social identity and grit in the association between parental control and school adjustment in chinese middle school students. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(April), 1— https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00677
30. Mancinelli, E., Liberska, H.D., Li, J. Bin, Espada, J.P., Delvecchio, E., Mazzeschi, C., Lis, A., Salcuni, S. (2021). A cross-cultural study on attachment and adjustment difficulties in adolescence: the mediating role of self-control in Italy, Spain, China, and Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 1— https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168827
31. Mathijs, L., Mouton, B., Petegem, S. Van. (2023). Overprotective parenting and social anxiety in adolescents: The role of emotion regulation. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 41(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075231173722
32. Maya, J., Fuentes, I., Arcos-romero, A.I., LucíaJiménez. (2024). Parental attachment and psychosocial adjustment in adolescents exposed to marital conflict. Children, 11, 1— https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/children11030291
33. Michael, T., Snow, M. (2019). The adult scale of parental attachment-short form: Psychometric properties, factor analyses, and validation. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 41(4), 509— https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-019-09375-9
34. Miljkovitch, R., Mallet, P., Moss, E., Sirparanta, A., Pascuzzo, K., Zdebik, M.A. (2021). Adolescents’ attachment to parents and peers: Links to young adulthood friendship quality. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30(6), 1441— https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-01962-y
35. Moltrecht, B., Deighton, J., Patalay, P., Edbrooke-Childs, J. (2021). Effectiveness of current psychological interventions to improve emotion regulation in youth: A meta-analysis. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(6), 829— https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01498-4
36. Mota, C.P., Gonçalves, T., Carvalho, H., Costa, M. (2021). Attachment, emotional regulation and perception of the institutional environment in adolescents in Residential Care Context. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 40, 71— https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-021-00763-y
37. Ratliff, E.L., Morris, A.S., Jespersen, J.E., Silk, J.S., Criss, M.M., Ratliff, E.L. (2023). Supportive parent-adolescent relationships as a foundation for adolescent emotion regulation and adjustment. Psychol., 14(July), 1—13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1193449
38. Sánchez-Sandoval, Y., Verdugo, L. (2021). School adjustment and socio-family risk as predictors of adolescents’ peer preference. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(July), 1— https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645712
39. Silk, J.S., Steinberg, L., Morris, A.S. (2003). Adolescents’ emotion regulation in daily life: Links to depressive symptoms and problem behavior. Child Development, 74(6), 1869— https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-8624.2003.00643.x
40. Slovak, P., Antle, A., Theofanopoulou, N., Roquet, C.D., Gross, J., Isbister, K. (2023). Designing for emotion regulation interventions: An agenda for HCI theory and research. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1145/3569898
41. te Brinke, L.W., Menting, A.T.A., Schuiringa, H.D., Deković, M., Weisz, J.R., de Castro, B.O. (2021). Emotion regulation training as a treatment element for externalizing problems in adolescence: A randomized controlled micro-trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 143(May). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103889
42. Verschueren, K. (2020). Attachment, self-esteem, and socio-emotional adjustment: There is more than just the mother. Attachment and Human Development, 22(1), 105— https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2019.1589066
43. Wang, M., Wu, X., Wang, J. (2021). Paternal and maternal harsh parenting and Chinese adolescents’ social anxiety: The different mediating roles of attachment insecurity with fathers and mothers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(21–22), 9904— https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519881531
44. Wojnarowska, A., Kobylinska, D., Lewczuk, K. (2020). Acceptance as an emotion regulation strategy in experimental psychological research: What we know and how we can improve that knowledge. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(February), 1— https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00242
45. Yang, Y., Li, S., Xie, F., Chen, X. (2024). The association between parent-child attachment and academic adjustment: A multilevel meta-analysis. In Educational Psychology Review (Vol. 36, Issue 3). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09920-y
46. Yu, T., Hu, J., Zhao, J. (2023). Influence of childhood psychological maltreatment on peer attachment among Chinese adolescents: The mediation effects of emotion regulation strategies. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 38(23–24). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605231189510
47. Zhang, H., Li, Z., Yan, X., Deng, C. (2022). The influence of parent–child attachment on school adjustment among the left-behind children of overseas Chinese: The chain mediating role of peer relationships and hometown identity. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(November), 1— https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1041805
48. Zou, S., Wu, X., Li, X. (2020). Coparenting behavior, parent-adolescent attachment, and peer attachment: An examination of gender differences. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49(1), 178— https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01068-1