Такие же или другие? Психометрический интеллект экспертов не связан с их концептуальными способностями

Представлены результаты исследования (n = 16, от 19 до 39 лет), направленного на проверку гипотезы о связи уровня психометрического интеллекта, измеренного с помощью «Стандартных прогрессивных матриц» Дж. Равена, с уровнем концептуальных способностей. Результаты регрессионного анализа показали, что у людей, регулярно сталкивающихся с необходимостью решать когнитивные задачи и характеризующихся реальной умственной продуктивностью в предметно-специфической деятельности, психометрический интеллект оказывается практически не связанным с концептуальными способностями. Делается вывод о необходимости формулирования нового подхода к пониманию природы умственной продуктивности и ее измерению.

Burks B. S., Jensen D. W., Terman L. M. The promise of youth. L. M. Terman. Genetic studies of genius (Vol. 3). Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 1930.

Miles T. R. On Defining Intelligence. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 1957, vol. 27, pp. 153–167.

McNemar Q. Lost: Our Intelligence? Why? American Psychologist, 1964, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 871–882.

Frederiksen N. Toward a broader conception of human intelligence. American Psychologist, 1986, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 445 — 452.

Howe M. J. Intelligence as an explanation. British Journal of Psychology, 1988, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 349 — 360.

Miles T. R. Comment on Howe’s Paper. British Journal of Psychology, 1988, vol. 79, no. 4, pp. 535–538.

Anastasi A. U., Urbina A. S. Psychological testing. Ann Arbor, MI, Prentice Hall, 1997.

Holodnaja M. A. Psikhologiia intellekta: paradoksy issledovaniia. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. [ Psychology of Intelligence: Research Paradoxes. 2nd ed., revised and enlarged]. St. Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2002. (In Russian)

Grabner R. H. The role of intelligence for performance in the prototypical expertise domain of chess. Intelligence, 2014, vol. 45, pp. 26–33.

Ruthsatz J. Putting practice into perspective: Child prodigies as evidence of innate talent. Intelligence, 2014, vol. 45, pp. 60–65.

Kholodnaia M. A. Psikhologiia poniatiinogo myshleniia: ot kontseptual’nykh struktur k poniatiinym sposobnostiam [ Psychology of Conceptual Thinking: From Conceptual Structures to Conceptual Abilities]. Moscow, Institute of Psychology RAS Print, 2012. (In Russian)

Kholodnaya M. A., Volkova E. V. Conceptual Structures, Conceptual Abilities and Productivity of Cognitive Functioning: The Ontological Approach. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2016, vol. 217, pp. 914–922.

Ericsson K. A. Why expert performance is special and cannot be extrapolated from studies of performance in the general population: A response to criticisms. Intelligence, 2014, vol. 45, pp. 81–103.

Carpenter P. A., Just M. A., Shell P. What one intelligence test measures: a theoretical account of the processing in the Raven Progressive Matrices Test. Psychological review, 1990, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 404–431.

McCallum R. S., Bracken B. A., Wasserman J. D. Essentials of nonverbal assessment. New York, Wiley, 2001.

Raven J. Raven’s progressive matrices: Their origin and contribution to society. Psikhodiagnostika v sotsialisticheskikh stranakh. Psikhodiagnosticheskii biulleten’. I–IX [Psychodiagnostics in Socialistic Countries. Psychodiagnostics Bulletin. I–IX]. Bratislava, 1985, pp. 27–31.

Raven J. The Raven Progressive Matrices: A review of national norming studies and ethnic and socioeconomic variation within the United States. Journal of Educational Measurement, 1989, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1–16.

Cattell R. B. Abilities: Their growth, structure, and action. Boston, Houghton Miffl in, 1971.

Nasledov A. D. Matematicheskie metody psikhologicheskogo issledovaniia. Analiz i interpretatsiia dannykh. Uchebnoe posobie [ Mathematical Techniques in Psychology Research. Data Analysis and Interpreta-tion. A Study Guide]. St. Petersburg, Retch Publ., 2004. (In Russian)

Kholodnaia M. A., Shcherbakova O. V., Gorbunov I. A., Golovanova I. V., Papovian M. I. Informat-sionno-energeticheskie kharakteristiki razlichnykh tipov kognitivnoi deiatel’nosti [Information-energetic characteristics of various patterns of cognitive performance]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal [ Psychology Journal], 2013, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 96–107. (In Russian)

Shcherbakova O. V., Makarova D. N. Conceptual abilities as a basis of expertise. 15th Annual Conference of the International Society for Intelligence Research (ISIR) . Graz, Austria, December 12–14, 2014, pp. 62.