Жукова М.А. кандидат психологических наук, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория междисциплинарных исследований развития человека , Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3069-570X e-mail: zhukova.marina.spb@gmail.com
Таланцева О.И. инженер-исследователь, лаборатория междисциплинарных исследований развития человека, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7555-1216 e-mail: talantcevaoksana@gmail.com
Логвиненко Т.И. инженер-исследователь, лаборатория междисциплинарных исследований развития человека, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7430-1963 e-mail: logvinenkota.spb@gmail.com
Титова О.С. инженер-исследователь, лаборатория междисциплинарных исследований развития человека, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3839-7555 e-mail: olga.tiitova@gmail.com
Григоренко Е.Л. доктор психологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, Московский государственный психолого-педагогический университет, Москва, Россия ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9646-4181 e-mail: elena.grigorenko@times.uh.edu
Методы дополнительных и альтернативных вмешательств (Complementary and Alternative Therapy, CAT), применяемые в работе с детьми с расстройствами аутистического спектра (РАС), распространены в европейских странах и в Российской Федерации, однако их эффективность и безопасность обычно не рассматриваются клиницистами и родителями составлении рекомендаций и использовании. Данный аналитический обзор посвящен наиболее распространенным дополнительным и альтернативным вмешательствам, применяемым в работе с детьми с РАС. На основе анализа информации, представленной в мета-анализах, систематических обзорах и рандомизированных контролируемых исследованиях в базе данных PubMed, рассматриваются безопасность и эффективность каждого вида вмешательств. Обнаружено, что из всех рассмотренных методов только вмешательства с применением мелатонина можно считать безопасными и эффективными для детей с РАС с сопутствующими нарушениями сна. Методы, которые были классифицированы как безопасные, но не доказавшие свою эффективность, рекомендуется применять только в том случае, если они не противоречат терапии РАС «первой линии» – применению прикладного анализа поведения (Applied Behavioral Analysis, ABA). Методы, доказательств эффективности которых обнаружено не было, такие как терапия слуховой интеграции, биоакустическая коррекция, терапия сенсорной интеграции, микрополяризация, пет-терапия и диета, не должны рекомендоваться в качестве альтернативных методов терапии и могут использоваться только в дополнение к методам лечения на основе ABA-вмешательства. Не рекомендуется использовать хелатирование, гипербарическую кислородную терапию и холдинг- терапию по причине их установленного вредоносного психологического и физического воздействия. При выборе методов дополнительных и альтернативных вмешательств при РАС мы рекомендуем родителям и клиницистам использовать критерии, предложенные Н. Лофтхаусом и коллегами (2012): могут быть рекомендованы только безопасные, простые, экономные и разумные методы вмешательств, тогда как методы лечения, которые являются рискованными, трудно реализуемыми или дорогими, использовать не следует.
Подготовка данной статьи была профинансирована Российским Фондом Фундаментальных Исследований (№17-29-02384, руководитель – Е.Л. Григоренко).
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