Ципан Р.М. научный сотрудник Департамента психиатрии, Калифорнийский университет в Беркли, Сан-Франциско, США ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2585-9415 e-mail: rachel.tsipan@berkeley.edu
Паренте Ч.И. координатор клинических исследований Департамента психиатрии, Калифорнийский университет, Сан-Франциско, США ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6812-9263 e-mail: China.Parenteau@ucsf.edu
Хендрен Р.Л. профессор психиатрии, директор программы исследований нейроонтогенетических и трансляционных результатов (PRONTO), Калифорнийский университет в Сан-Франциско, Сан-Франциско, США ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8470-4862 e-mail: Robert.Hendren@ucsf.edu
Расстройства аутистического спектра (РАС) связаны с большим количеством генетических, эпигенетических и средовых факторов, что усложняет организацию помощи людям с данным диагнозом. Во множестве опубликованных работ описываются преимущества перинатальных, ранних и более поздних вмешательств. Как правило, врачам бывает непросто диагностировать РАС, однако после постановки диагноза родители, ознакомленные с эффективными стратегиями помощи, могут оказать существенное положительное влияние на развитие своего ребенка. Исследования детей, подростков и молодых людей с РАС, выполненные с применением методов нейровизуализации, показывают, что структуры их мозга меняются с течением времени, и что они также могут меняться под воздействием подходящих вмешательств. Данные вмешательства также адаптируют для взрослых с РАС таким образом, чтобы они лучше соответствовали их потребностям; примером могут служить программы профессиональной подготовки. В статье представлен обзор многих факторов риска и типов вмешательств. Это позволит уменьшить проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются люди с РАС в своей повседневной жизни.
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