Интеграция помощи людям с РАС: этиология и жизненный цикл ⁷⁸

Расстройства аутистического спектра (РАС) связаны с большим количеством генетических, эпигенетических и средовых факторов, что усложняет организацию помощи людям с данным диагнозом. Во множестве опубликованных работ описываются преимущества перинатальных, ранних и более поздних вмешательств. Как правило, врачам бывает непросто диагностировать РАС, однако после постановки диагноза родители, ознакомленные с эффективными стратегиями помощи, могут оказать существенное положительное влияние на развитие своего ребенка. Исследования детей, подростков и молодых людей с РАС, выполненные с применением методов нейровизуализации, показывают, что структуры их мозга меняются с течением времени, и что они также могут меняться под воздействием подходящих вмешательств. Данные вмешательства также адаптируют для взрослых с РАС таким образом, чтобы они лучше соответствовали их потребностям; примером могут служить программы профессиональной подготовки. В статье представлен обзор многих факторов риска и типов вмешательств. Это позволит уменьшить проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются люди с РАС в своей повседневной жизни.

Ключевые слова: аутизм, факторы риска, эндофенотипы, вмешательство, адаптивное функционирование, первичная помощь

Рубрика: Методы обучения и сопровождения

Тип: научная статья

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2020180304

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