On the teaching of natural sciences (L.V. Zankov system)

Context and relevance. In the training system of L.V. Zankov, natural science acts as a subject that not only introduces children to the picture of the world and natural processes, but also contributes to the general development of the child and his environmental education. Purpose. Description of the methodological approach to teaching natural science in the L.V. Zankov system and an analysis of how this approach affects the cognitive activity and personality development of students. Methods and materials. Participants: primary students (grades I-III) of the Zankovo learning system. Research methods: pedagogical observation of the behavior of children in classes and excursions, analysis of children's essays (on the topics "Do you like to learn," "My favorite educational subjects," as well as thematic essays-reasoning), collection of parental feedback and interviews with teachers. Results. Children show a high degree of passion for the subject and an inner interest in knowing the world, as evidenced by their behavior, parents' stories and their own writings. A technique based on direct communication with nature and direct observations contributes to the development of observation and emotional responsiveness of children. Encouraging students to independently search for information in various sources (books, encyclopedias, observations) forms the ability of children to work with information and use additional sources of knowledge. Abandoning the system of assessments (marks) in favor of internal motivation leads to easier, more conscious and systematic assimilation of the material. Analysis of children's works shows the development of the ability to creative presentation and the desire to argue their own judgments (formation of the subjectivity of the child). Conclusion. The pedagogical approach, based on giving the child the freedom to prepare for lessons, to include them in active research activities and the absence of external coercion in the form of assessments, leads to more effective learning and general development of the student's personality.