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Social Sciences and Childhood
2025. Vol. 6, no. 2, 49–70
doi:10.17759/ssc.2025060203
ISSN: 2713-0584 (online)

Psychophysiological foundations of parenting for children without parental care

 
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Abstract

Context and relevance. The issue of selecting parents for adopted children remains an important aspect of social policy and child development psychology. Biological and social factors significantly influence the formation of maternal behavior. Among biological foundations are processes such as imprinting, attachment, hormonal changes during pregnancy, childbirth, and lactation, along with individual character traits and cognitive abilities of mothers. However, it is precisely the social conditions that allow a child to absorb the norms and values of a particular society. The aim of this study was to identify differences between biological mothers and two categories of substitute mothers — those who raise only adopted children and those who combine raising both their own and adopted children. Objective. To investigate the peculiarities of parental competency formation among different groups of mothers and determine the impact of biological and social factors on the effectiveness of fostering adopted children. Hypothesis. The effectiveness of parenting of adopted children is related to the presence of native children of substitute mothers and their biological and sociodemographic characteristics. Methods and materials. The research involved a sample of 109 mothers, including 52 substitute mothers and 57 biological mothers. There were significant age variations: substitute mothers had an average age of about 47 years compared to biological mothers at approximately 37 years old. Substitute mothers exhibited lower levels of education, more children, and higher rates of being unmarried. Participants underwent testing focused on working memory capacity, inhibition mechanisms, and temperament characteristics. Results. Analysis revealed that mothers raising birth children demonstrated greater working memory volume and better learning capabilities when compared to substitute mothers. The most pronounced deficit in sensory sensitivity was observed among mothers simultaneously raising both birth and adopted children, suggesting a heightened risk of emotional burnout within this group. Conclusions. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual motherly characteristics when selecting candidates for adoption and emphasize the need for support programs aimed at preventing professional burnout syndrome among couples engaged in combined parenting of birth and adopted children.

General Information

Keywords: adoptive mothers, executive functions, inhibitory control, working memory, temperament, burnout

Journal rubric: Social Psychology

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/ssc.2025060203

Received 08.08.2025

Revised 20.08.2025

Accepted

Published

For citation: Nikolaeva, E.I., Dydenkova, E.A., Semya, G.V. (2025). Psychophysiological foundations of parenting for children without parental care. Social Sciences and Childhood, 6(2), 49–70. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17759/ssc.2025060203

© Nikolaeva E.I., Dydenkova E.A., Semya G.V., 2025

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

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Information About the Authors

Elena I. Nikolaeva, Doctor of Biology, Chair of the Department of Developmental Psychology and Pedagogy of the Family, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Lecturer at the Institute of Practical Psychology "Imaton", St.Petersburg, Russian Federation, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8363-8496, e-mail: klemtina@yandex.ru

Eva A. Dydenkova, Candidate of the Department of the Developmental Psychology and Family, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8079-1660, e-mail: dydenkovaeva@gmail.com

Galina V. Semya, Doctor of Psychology, Professor, Professor of the Department of Developmental Psychology named after Professor L.F. Obukhova" Faculty of Educational Psychology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Professor of the Department of Psychological Anthropology of the Institute of Childhood of the Moscow Pedagogical State University., Moscow, Russian Federation, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-8698, e-mail: gvsemia@yandex.ru

Contribution of the authors

Elena I. Nikolaeva — ideas; planning of the research; control over the research writing and design of the manuscript.

Eva A. Dydenkova — conducting research, application of statistical, mathematical or other methods for data analysis, describing empirical results.

Galina V. Semya — research concept; annotation; planning of the study; supervision of the research process; design and editing of the manuscript text.

All authors participated in the discussion of the results and approved the final text of the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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