Детско-родительские отношения и практика воспитания в семье: кросс-культурный аспект ³⁴⁷³

В статье рассмотрены кросс-культурные особенности практик воспитания и детско-родительских отношений в рамках понятия «культурная ниша развития ребенка» (Сьюпер и Харкнесс), а также дифференциации двух типов культур – индивидуалистической и коллективистической (Триандис, Хофстеде), различающихся ценностями, целями и методами воспитания ребенка. Показана относительность их противопоставления применительно к проблеме детско-родительских отношений и воспитания ребенка. Выделены универсальные характеристики детско-родительских отношений (принятие/отвержение). Обсуждается роль личностных особенностей родителя и характер социальной среды как детерминант, опосредующих практики воспитания и социализации.

Ключевые слова: культура, кросс-культурные различия, родительство, детско-родительские отношения, социализация, стиль воспитания, коллективистическая и индивидуалистическая культура

Рубрика: Психология развития

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2017060202

1. Agreement in Mother and Father Acceptance-Rejection, Warmth, and Hostility/Rejection/ Neglect of Children Across Nine Countries / Diane L. Putnick [et al.] //Cross- cultural Research. 2012. Vol. 46. № 3. P. 191–223. doi:10.1177/1069397112440931
2. Andersson S. Social scaling in children's family drawings: A comparative study in three cultures // Child Study Journal. 1995. Vol. 25. № 2. P. 97–122.
3. Associations Between Parenting Styles and Perceived Child Effortful Control Within Chinese Families in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Taiwan / Ching-Yu Huang [et al.] // Cross-cultural Psychology. 2017. Vol. 48. № 6. P. 795–812. doi:10.1177/0022022117706108
4. Authoritative parenting and adolescent adjustment across varied ecological niches / L. Steinberg [et al.] // Journal of research of adolescence. 1991. Vol. 1. P. 19–36.
5. Aycicegi-Dinn A., Kagitcibasi C. The Value of Children for Parents in the Minds of Emerging Adults // Cross-cultural Research. 2010. Vol. 44. № 2. P. 174–205. doi:10.1177/1069397109358389
6. Barber N. Paternal Investment Prospects and Cross-National Differences in Single Parenthood // Cross- cultural Research. 2003. Vol. 37. № 2. P. 163–177. doi:10.1177/1069397103251424
7. Baumrind D. Rearing competent children // Child development today and tomorrow / Ed. W. Damon. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1989. P. 349–378.
8. Belsky J., Vondra J. Lessons from Child Abuse: the Determinants of Parenting // Current Research and Theoretical Advances in Child Maltreatment / Eds. D. Cicchetti, V. Carlson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. P. 153–202.
9. Börkan B., Erkman F., Keskiner P. Effects of Parental Power/Prestige and Acceptance on the Psychological Adjustment of Turkish Youth // Cross-Cultural Research. 2014. Vol. 48. № 3. P. 316–325. doi:10.1177/1069397114528467
10. Bornstein M.H. Cultural approaches to parenting. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1991. 224 p.
11. Bornstein M.H. Parenting science and practice // Handbook of child psychology.Vol. 4. Child psychology in practice / Eds. W. Damon [et al.]. New York: Wiley, 2006. P. 893–949.
12. Bornstein M.H., Lansford J.E. Parenting // The handbook of cross-cultural developmental science / Ed. M.H. Bornstein. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2010. P. 259–277.
13. Chan H.W., Tam K.P. Understanding the Lack of Parent–Child Value Similarity. The Role of Perceived Norms in Value Socialization in Immigrant Families // Cross-cultural Psychology. 2016. Vol. 47. № 5. P. 651–669. doi:10.1177/0022022116635744
14. Chao R. Chinese and European-American cultural models of the self reflected in mothers' child-rearing beliefs // Ethos. 1995. Vol. 23. № 3. P. 328–354. doi:10.1525/eth.1995.23.3.02a00030
15. Cross-cultural research methods in psychology / Eds. D. Matsumoto, F J R van de Vijver. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 404 p.
16. Cultural Influences on Socialization Goals and Parenting Behaviors of Mongolian Parents / F. Graf [et al.] // Cross-cultural Psychology. 2014. Vol. 45. № 8. P. 1317–1327. doi:10.1177/0022022114537702
17. Emotional Relationships in Mothers and Infants. Culture-Common and Community-Specific Characteristics of Dyads From Rural and Metropolitan Settings in Argentina, Italy, and the United States / M.H. Bornstein [et al.] // Cross-cultural Psychology. 2012. Vol. 43. № 2. P. 171–197. doi:10.1177/0022022110388563
18. Fatoş Erkman, Ronald P. Rohner Youths’ Perceptions of Corporal Punishment, Parental Acceptance, and Psychological Adjustment in a Turkish Metropolis // Cross- cultural Research, 2006. Vol. 40. № 3. P. 250–267. doi:10.1177/1069397106287924
19. Filus A., Roszak J. Relationships Between Parental Power, Prestige, and Acceptance, and the Psychological Adjustment of Young Adults in Poland // Cross-Cultural Research. 2014. Vol. 48. № 3. P. 286–294. doi:10.1177/1069397114528458
20. Giotsa A., Touloumakos A.K. Perceived Parental Acceptance and Psychological. The Moderating Role of Parental Power and Prestige Among Greek Pre-Adolescents // Cross-Cultural Research. 2014. Vol. 48. № 3. P. 250–258. doi:10.1177/1069397114528300
21. Giovazolias Т. The Moderating Role of Parental Power and Prestige on the Relationship Between Remembered Parental Acceptance and Psychological Adjustment Among Young Greek Adults // Cross-Cultural Research. 2014. Vol. 48. № 3. P. 240–249. doi:10.1177/1069397114528299
22. Glavak-Tkalić R., Kukolja-Cicmanović R. Effects of Perceived Parental Acceptance–Rejection and Interpersonal Power–Prestige on the Psychological Adjustment of Croatian Adolescents // Cross-Cultural Research. 2014. Vol. 48. № 3. P. 231–239. doi:10.1177/1069397114528298
23. Harkness S. The cultural context of child development // New Directions for Child Development. 1980. Vol. 8. P. 7–13. doi:10.1002/cd.23219800804
24. Hofstede G. Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publ, 2001. 596 p.
25. Khaleque А., Rohner R.P. Pancultural Associations Between Perceived Parental Acceptance and Psychological Adjustment of Children and Adults. A Meta-Analytic Review of Worldwide Research // Cross-cultural Psychology. 2012. Vol. 43. № 5. P. 784–800. doi:10.1177/0022022111406120
26. Lee J., Chyung Y.-J. Parental Power–Prestige and the Effects of Paternal Versus Maternal Acceptance on the Psychological Adjustment of Korean Children // Cross-Cultural Research. 2014. Vol. 48. № 3. P. 259–269. doi:10.1177/1069397114528303
27. Li Xuan Parental Power–Prestige and the Effects of Paternal Versus Maternal Acceptance on the Psychological Adjustment of Chinese Adolescents // Cross-Cultural Research. 2014. Vol. 48. № 3. P. 223–230. doi:10.1177/1069397114528303
28. Manago A.M. Connecting Societal Change to Value Differences Across Generations. Adolescents, Mothers, and Grandmothers in a Maya Community in Southern Mexico // Cross-cultural Psychology. 2014. Vol. 45. № 6. P. 868–887. doi:10.1177/0022022114527346
29. Maternal personality and parenting cognitions in cross-cultural perspective / M.H. Bornstein [et al.] // International Journal of Behavioral Development. 2007. Vol. 31. № 3. P. 193–209. doi:10.1177/0165025407074632
30. Mathurin M.N., GielenU.P., Lancaster J. Corporal Punishment and Personality Traits in the Children of St. Croix U.S. Virgin Islands // Cross- cultural Research. 2006. Vol. 40. № 3. P. 306–324. doi:10.1177/1069397105284678
31. Miller P.J., Fung H., Mintz J. Self-construction through narrative practices: a Chinese and American comparison of early socialization // Ethos. 1996. Vol. 24. № 2. P. 237–280. doi:10.1525/eth.1996.24.2.02a00020
32. Multicultural Families and Creative Children / Jen-Ho Chang [et al.] // Cross-cultural Psychology. 2014. Vol. 45. № 8. P. 1288–1296. doi:10.1177/0022022114537556
33. NaumannL.P., GuillaumeE.M., Funder D.C. The Correlates of High Parental Academic Expectations. An Asian-Latino Comparison // Cross-cultural Psychology. 2012. Vol. 43. № 4. P. 515–520. doi:10.1177/0022022112438398
34. Nuttall E., Chieh L., Nuttall R. Views of the family by Chinese and U.S. children: A comparative study of Kinetic Family Drawings // Journal of School Psychology. 1988. Vol. 26. № 2. P. 191-194. doi:10.1016/0022-4405(88)90020-9
35. Pachter L.M., Dworkin P.H. Maternal expectations about normal child development in 4 cultural groups // Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine. 1997. Vol. 151. № 11. P. 1144–1150. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170480074011
36. Parental Expectations and Prosocial Behavior of Adolescents From Low-Income Backgrounds. A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between Three Countries—Argentina, Colombia, and Spain / Belén Mesurado [et al.] // Cross-cultural Psychology. 2014. Vol. 45. № 9. P. 1471–1488. doi:10.1177/0022022114542284
37. Parent–Child Value Similarity Across and Within Cultures / Daniela Barni, [et al.] // Cross-cultural Psychology. 2014. Vol. 45. № 6. P. 853–867. doi:10.1177/0022022114530494
38. Parenting Infants. Socialization Goals and Behaviors of Italian Mothers and Immigrant Mothers From West Africa / C. Carra [et al.] // Cross-cultural Psychology. 2013. Vol. 44. № 8. P. 1304–1320. doi:10.1177/0022022113486004
39. Pinto G., Arcienega R.C. Cohesion and distance between parents and children: A cross-cultural study // Rassegna di Psicologia. 2001. Vol. 18. P. 51–72.
40. Ripoll-Núñez K.J., Rohner R.P. Corporal Punishment in Cross-Cultural Perspective: Directions for a Research Agenda // Cross- cultural Research. 2006. Vol. 40. № 3. P. 220–249. doi:10.1177/1069397105284395
41. Rohner R.P. Parental Power and Prestige Moderate the Relationship Between Perceived Parental Acceptance and Offspring’s Psychological Adjustment. Introduction to the International Father Acceptance–Rejection Project // Cross-Cultural Research. 2014. Vol. 48. № 3. P. 197–213. doi:10.1177/1069397114528295
42. Schönpflug U., Yan S. The Role of Parental and Child Motivation in the Intergenerational Transmission of Values in East Germany and Shanghai/China // Cross-Cultural Research. 2013. Vol. 45. № 1. P. 68–85. doi:10.1177/1069397112465255
43. Shared Parenting, Parental Effort, and Life History Strategy / M. Sotomayor-Peterson [et al.] // Cross-cultural Psychology. 2013. Vol. 44. № 4. P. 620–639. doi:10.1177/0022022112455456
44. Smith M.S., Lindsey C.R., Hansen C.E. Corporal Punishment and the Mediating Effects of Parental Acceptance-Rejection and Gender On Empathy in a Southern Rural Population // Cross- cultural Research. 2006. Vol. 40. № 3. P. 287–305. doi:10.1177/1069397105285477
45. Stavrova O., Fetchenhauer D. Single Parents, Unhappy Parents? Parenthood, Partnership, and the Cultural Normative Context // Cross-cultural Psychology. 2015. Vol. 46. № 1. P. 134–149. doi:10.1177/0022022114551160
46. Steely A. C., Rohner R.P. Relations Among Corporal Punishment, Perceived Parental Acceptance, and Psychological Adjustment in Jamaican Youths // Cross-cultural Research. 2006. Vol. 40. № 3. P. 268–286. doi:10.1177/1069397105284397
47. Su C., Hynie М. Effects of Life Stress, Social Support, and Cultural Norms on Parenting Styles Among Mainland Chinese, European Canadian, and Chinese Canadian Immigrant Mothers // Cross-cultural Psychology. 2011. Vol. 42. № 6. P. 944–962. doi:10.1177/0022022110381124
48. Super C., Harkness S. The developmental niche: A conceptualization at the interface of the society and the individual [Электронный ресурс] // International Journal of Behavioral Development. 1986. Vol. 9. № 4. P. 545–570. URL: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/016502548600900409 (дата обращения: 27.07.2017).
49. Super C., Harkness S. The infant’s niche in rural Kenya and metropolitan America // Сross-cultural research at issue / Ed. L.L. Adler. New York: Academic Press, 1982. P. 47–55.
50. Tam K.,  Chan H. Parents as Cultural Middlemen. The Role of Perceived Norms in Value Socialization by Ethnic Minority Parents // Cross-cultural Psychology. 2015. Vol. 46. № 4. P. 489–507. doi:10.1177/0022022115575739
51. The Acculturation of Parenting Cognitions. A Comparison of South Korean, Korean Immigrant, and European American Mothers / Linda R. Cote [et al.] // Cross-cultural Psychology. 2015. Vol. 46. № 9. P. 1115–1130. doi:10.1177/0022022115600259
52. Triandis H.C. The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts [Электронный ресурс] // Psycholody Review. 1989. Vol. 96. P. 506–520. URL: http://bern.library.nenu.edu.cn/upload/soft/TheSelf.pdf (дата обращения: 27.07.2017).
53. Uddin M.K., Khaleque A., Aktar R. Relations Between Perceived Parental Acceptance and Children’s Psychological Adjustment in the Context of Differential Parental Power and Prestige in Bangladesh // Cross-Cultural Research. 2014. Vol. 48. № 3. P. 214–222. doi:10.1177/1069397114528675
54. Van de Vijver F., Leung K. Methods and data analysis for cross-cultural research. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 1997. 186 p.
55. Veneziano R.A. The Importance of Paternal Warmth // Cross- cultural Research. 2006. Vol. 40. № 3. P. 265–281. doi:10.1177/1069397103253710
56. Welles-Nyström B., New R., Richman A. The 'good mother'-a comparative study of Swedish, Italian and American maternal behavior and goals // Scand J Caring Sci. 1994. Vol. 8. № 2. P. 81–86.
57. Zevenbergen А.А., Haman Е., Olszańska А.А. Middle-Class Polish and American Mothers’ Beliefs Regarding Parent-Child Narratives // Cross-cultural Psychology. 2012. Vol. 43. № 6. P. 979–998. doi:10.1177/0022022111416005