Consortium Psychiatricum
2024. Том 5. № 3. С. 42–55
doi:10.17816/CP15513
ISSN: 2712-7672 / 2713-2919 (online)
Современная концепция шизоаффективного расстройства: нарративный обзор литературы
Аннотация
ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Шизоаффективное расстройство (ШАР) — один из самых сложных и дискуссионных диагнозов в клинической психиатрии. Несмотря на значительные изменения в концептуализации ШАР в современных классификациях болезней и публикациях последних лет, в отношении этого заболевания остается множество нерешенных вопросов с точки зрения клинической психиатрии и фундаментальных нейронаук.
ЦЕЛЬ: Целью работы было обобщить опубликованные данные о концепции ШАР, его клинических характеристиках, когнитивном профиле, потенциальных биомаркерах, а также о месте этого заболевания в следующих современных международных классификациях: Международной классификации болезней (МКБ) 9-го, 10-го и 11-го пересмотра и Диагностическом и статистическом руководстве по психическим расстройствам (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders, 5th edition — DSM-5).
МЕТОДЫ: Выполнен обзор научных исследований в релевантных библиографических системах и базах данных (eLIBRARY, PubMed) за последние 15 лет. Для обобщения полученной информации был использован описательный анализ. Всего для обзора отобрано 70 публикаций, включая различные версии международных классификаций болезней (МКБ и DSM-5).
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Некоторое улучшение межрейтинговой надежности критериев ШАР в современных систематиках пока не привело к лучшему их пониманию специалистами, а различные выделенные подтипы ШАР не могут объяснить гетерогенность клинической картины этого расстройства. Дименсиональный подход к диагностике ШАР лучше соответствует изменчивой природе заболевания. Согласно ему интенсивность психотических и аффективных симптомов может меняться в разные периоды времени и они могут взаимно влиять друг на друга. Фундаментальные исследования не поддерживают выделение особого когнитивного, нейровизуализационного или иммунологического эндофенотипа ШАР, качественно отличного от шизофрении и аффективных расстройств.
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Концептуализация ШАР в настоящее время далека от завершения. Чтобы лучше понять природу одновременного существования аффективных и психотических симптомов, необходимы новые концептуальные подходы, основанные на достижениях нейронаук.
Общая информация
Ключевые слова: шизоаффективные расстройства, МКБ-10, МКБ-11, биомаркеры, когнитивное функционирование
Рубрика издания: Обзоры
Тип материала: научная статья
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/CP15513
Получена: 12.02.2024
Принята в печать:
Для цитаты: Павличенко А.В., Петрова Н.Н., Столяров А.Р. Современная концепция шизоаффективного расстройства: нарративный обзор литературы // Consortium Psychiatricum. 2024. Том 5. № 3. С. 42–55. DOI: 10.17816/CP15513
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