Психологические методы изменения поведения, связанного со здоровьем: возможности и ограничения^*

Статья посвящена рассмотрению возможностей и ограничений психологических методов изменения поведения, связанного со здоровьем. Проводится анализ методов, предложенных в рамках моделей континуума (теория убеждений о здоровье, теория мотивации защиты, социально-когнитивная теория, теория субъективной ожидаемой полезности), моделей стадий (транстеоретическая модель, модель принятия мер предосторожности, процессуальный подход к действиям, связанным со здоровьем), а также в рамках моделей саморегуляции в психологии здоровья — как общепсихологических (модель «Рубикона», ресурсная модель самоконтроля, теория саморегуляции М. Карвера и Ч. Шейера, теория самодетерминации), так и специфических (теория темпоральной саморегуляции).

Психология здоровья — молодая область психологии. В качестве самостоятельной дисциплины она еще не «разменяла» сорока лет [Matarazzo, 1980] — но за это время в ее русле было предложено более двадцати теоретических моделей, посвященных описанию, предсказанию, изменению и объяснению здоровья, проведено большое количество эмпирических исследований, несчетное число интервенций и социально-психологических программ.

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