Двухсистемная модель социального тревожного расстройства: взаимодействие факторов биосоциальных систем социального положения и чувства принадлежности

450

Аннотация

Cоциальное тревожное расстройство (Social Anxiety Disorder, СТР) – широко распространенное состояние, нарушающее функционирование индивида. Хотя существуют разные методы терапии СТР, их эффективность ограничена. Данный аналитический обзор направлен на углубление всестороннего понимания типов социальных угроз, влияющих на людей с социальным тревожным расстройством, с точки зрения двух основных биоповеденческих систем – принадлежности и социального положения. Авторы утверждают, что социальное тревожное расстройство связано с восприимчивостью к событиям, свидетельствующим о потере принадлежности (отчуждение) и социального положения (социальное поражение). В частности, предполагается, что социальное тревожное расстройство характеризуется: (а) гиперреактивностью к отчуждению и социальному поражению; (б) склонностью реагировать на отчуждение путем развертывания стратегий дистанцирования и ухода; (в) использованием стратегий подчинения, снижающих конфронтацию в ситуациях социального поражения и (г) усилением связи двух систем. Приведенная выше двухсистемная модель может помочь объединить клинически значимую информацию о социальном тревожном расстройстве может стать основой для рекомендаций относительно новых направлений терапии.

Общая информация

Рубрика издания: Теоретические исследования

Тип материала: научная статья

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2020090302

Финансирование. Этот проект был профинансирован грантом Израильского научного фонда 740-15, присужденным Иве Гильбоа-Шехтман

Для цитаты: Гильбоа-Шехтман Е. Двухсистемная модель социального тревожного расстройства: взаимодействие факторов биосоциальных систем социального положения и чувства принадлежности [Электронный ресурс] // Клиническая и специальная психология. 2020. Том 9. № 3. С. 15–33. DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2020090302

Литература

  1. Barkovich A.J., Norman D. Anomalies of the corpus callosum: Correlation with further anomalies of the brain. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 1988. Vol. 9, no. 3,
    pp. 493–501. Acarturk C., Cuijpers P., VanStraten A. et al. Psychological treatment of social anxiety disorder: A meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 2009. Vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 241–254. DOI: 10.1017/S0033291708003590
  2. Aderka I.M., Hofmann S.G. (in press). Process-based Treatment for Social Anxiety. In D.H. Barlow (Ed.), Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
  3. Aderka I.M., Hofmann S.G., Nickerson A. et al. Functional impairment in social anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2012. Vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 393–400.  DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.01.003
  4. Aderka I.M., Weisman O.Shahar G. et al. The roles of the social rank and attachment systems in social anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 2009. Vol. 47, no. 4,
    pp. 284–288.  DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.03.014
  5. Alden L.E.Buhr K.Robichaud M. et al. Treatment of social approach processes in adults with social anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2018. Vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 505–517.  DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000306
  6. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2013.  DOI: 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.744053
  7. Anderson C., Hildreth J.A.D., Howland L. Is the desire for status a fundamental human motive? A review of the empirical literature. Psychological Bulletin, 2015. Vol. 141, no. 3,
    pp. 574–601.  DOI: 10.1037/a0038781
  8. Arviv O., Goldstein A., Weeting J. et al. Brain response to the M170 time interval is sensitive to socially relevant information. Neuropsychologia, 2015. Vol. 78, pp. 18–28.  DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.09.030
  9. Asher M., Hermesh H., Gur S. et al. Do men and women arrive, stay, and respond differently to cognitive behavior group therapy for social anxiety disorder? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2019. Vol. 64, pp. 64–70.  DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.03.005
  10. Bacon A.K., Engerman B. Excluded, then inebriated: A preliminary investigation into the role of ostracism on alcohol consumption. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 2018. Vol. 8, pp. 25–32.  DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.05.002
  11. Baumeister R.F., Leary M.R. The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 1995. Vol. 117,
    no. 3, pp. 497–529. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
  12. Benenson J.F., Antonellis T.J., Cotton B.J. et al. Sex differences in children’s formation of exclusionary alliances under scarce resource conditions. Animal Behaviour, 2008. Vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 497–505. DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.01.027
  13. Bernstein M.J., Young S.G., Brown C.M. et al. Adaptive responses to social exclusion: Social rejection improves detection of real and fake smiles. Psychological Science, 2008.
    Vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 981–983. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02187.x
  14. Blumenthal H., Leen-Feldner E.W., Babson K.A. et al. Elevated social anxiety among early maturing girls. Developmental Psychology, 2011. Vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 1133–1140.  DOI: 10.1037/a0024008
  15. Bugental D.B. Acquisition of the algorithms of social life: A domain-based approach. Psychological Bulletin, 2000. Vol. 126, no. 2, pp. 187–219. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.187
  16. Clark D.M., Wells A. A cognitive model of social phobia. In R.G. Heim-Berg, M.R. Liebowitz, D.A. Hope, F.R. Schneier (Eds.), Social Phobia: Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 1995, pp. 69–93.
  17. Cooley S., Burkholder A.R., Killen M. Social inclusion and exclusion in same-race and interracial peer encounters. Developmental Psychology, 2019. Vol. 55, no. 11,
    pp. 2440–2450.  DOI: 10.1037/dev0000810
  18. Craske M.G., Niles A.N., Burklund L.J. et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for social phobia: Outcomes and moderators. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2014. Vol. 82, no. 6,
    pp. 1034–1048.  DOI: 10.1037/a0037212
  19. Crome E., Baillie A. Social anxiety disorder diagnostic criteria perform equally across age, comorbid diagnosis, and performance/interaction subtypes. Anxiety, Stress,
    & Coping
    , 2015. Vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 179–191. DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2014.930445
  20. Crone E.A., Dahl R.E. Understanding adolescence as a period of social–affective engagement and goal flexibility. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2012. Vol. 13, no. 9,
    pp. 636–650. DOI: 10.1038/nrn3313
  21. DeWall C.N. Forming a basis for acceptance: Excluded people form attitudes to agree with potential affiliates. Social Influence, 2010. Vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 245–260. DOI: 10.1080/15534511003783536
  22. Diaz V. Lin D. Neural circuits for coping with social defeat. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2020. Vol. 60, pp. 99–107.DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.11.016
  23. Duclos R., Wan E.W., Jiang Y. Show Me the Honey! Effects of Social Exclusion on Financial Risk-Taking. Journal of Consumer Research, 2013. Vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 122–135.  DOI: 10.1086/668900
  24. Eisenberger N.I. Social Pain and the Brain: Controversies, Questions, and Where to Go from Here. Annual Review of Psychology, 2015. Vol. 66, pp. 601–629. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115146
  25. Enter D., Spinhoven P., Roelofs K. Alleviating social avoidance: Effects of single dose testosterone administration on approach–avoidance action. Hormones and Behavior, 2014. Vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 351–354. DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.02.001
  26. Fang A., Hoge E.A., Heinrichs M. et al. Attachment Style Moderates the Effects of Oxytocin on Social Behaviors and Cognitions During Social Rejection: Applying a Research Domain Criteria Framework to Social Anxiety. Clinical Psychological Science, 2014. Vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 740–747. DOI: 10.1177/2167702614527948
  27. Fehm L., Beesdo K., Jacobi F. et al. Social anxiety disorder above and below the diagnostic threshold: Prevalence, comorbidity and impairment in the general population. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2008. Vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 257–265. DOI: 10.1007/s00127-007-0299-4
  28. Feldman R. The neurobiology of human attachments. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2017. Vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 80–99.  DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2016.11.007
  29. Festa C.C., Ginsburg G.S. Parental and Peer Predictors of Social Anxiety in Youth. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 2011. Vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 291–306. DOI: 10.1007/s10578-011-0215-8
  30. Gilboa-Schechtman E., Galili L., Sahar Y. et al. Being “in” or “out” of the game: subjective and acoustic reactions to exclusion and popularity in social anxiety. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2014. Vol. 8, article number 147. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00147
  31. Gilboa-Schechtman E., Keshet H., Livne T. et al. Explicit and implicit self-evaluations in social anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2017. Vol. 126, no. 3, pp. 285–290.  DOI: 10.1037/abn0000261
  32. Gilboa-Schechtman E., Keshet H., Peschard V. et al. Self and Identity in Social Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Personality, 2019. Vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 106–121. DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12455
  33. Gilboa-Schechtman E., Shachar I., Helpman L. Evolutionary Approaches to Social Anxiety. In S.G. Hofmann, P.M. DiBartolo (Eds.), Social Anxiety: Clinical, Developmental, and Social Perspectives (3rd ed.). Waltham. MA: Elsevier, 2014, pp. 599–625.
  34. Gilboa-Schechtman E. Shachar I., Sahar Y. Positivity impairment as a broad-based feature of social anxiety. In J. Weeks (Ed.), Handbook on Social Anxiety Disorder. New-York, NY: Wiley-Blackwell, 2014, pp. 409–433.
  35. Gilboa-Schechtman E., Shachar-Lavie I. More than a face: a unified theoretical perspective on nonverbal social cue processing in social anxiety. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2013. Vol. 7, article number 904.  DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00904
  36. Giltay E.J., Enter D., Zitman F.G. et al. Salivary testosterone: Associations with depression, anxiety disorders, and antidepressant use in a large cohort study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2012. Vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 205–213.  DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores. 2011.11.014
  37. Gunther Moor B., Güroğlu B., Op de Macks Z.A. et al. Social exclusion and punishment of excluders: Neural correlates and developmental trajectories. NeuroImage, 2012. Vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 708–717. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.028
  38. Haker A., Aderka I.M., Marom S. et al. Impression formation and revision in social anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2014. Vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 133–139.  DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.05.001
  39. Heimberg R.G., Brozovich F.A., Rapee R.M. A cognitive-behavioral model of social anxiety disorder. In S.G. Hofmann, P.M. DiBartolo (Eds.), Social Anxiety: Clinical, Developmental, and Social Perspectives (3rd ed.). Waltham, MA: Elsevier, 2014,
    pp. 705–728. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394427-6.00025-8
  40. Hermans E.J., van Honk J. Toward a framework for defective emotion processing in social phobia. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 2006. Vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 307–331. DOI: 10.1080/13546800500213993
  41. Herres J., Shearer A., Kodish T. et al. Differences in suicide risk severity among suicidal youth with anxiety disorders. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 2019, Vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 333–339.  DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000571
  42. Hofmann S.G. Cognitive factors that maintain social anxiety disorder:
    A comprehensive model and its treatment implications. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 2007. Vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 193–209. DOI: 10.1080/16506070701421313
  43. Hofmann S.G. Hayes S.C. The future of intervention science: Process-based therapy. Clinical Psychological Science, 2018. Vol. 7, no. 1.  DOI: 10.1177/2167702618772296
  44. Holder M.K., Blaustein J.D. Puberty and adolescence as a time of vulnerability to stressors that alter neurobehavioral processes. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 2014.
    Vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 89–110. DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.10.004
  45. Hoyer J., Wiltink J., Hiller W. et al. Baseline patient characteristics predicting outcome and attrition in cognitive therapy for social phobia: results from a large multicentre trial. Clinical Psychology &Psychotherapy, 2014. Vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 35–46. DOI: 10.1002/cpp.1936
  46. Hsu D.T., Sanford B.J., Meyers K.K. et al. It still hurts: altered endogenous opioid activity in the brain during social rejection and acceptance in major depressive disorder. Molecular Psychiatry, 2015. Vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 193–200.  DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.185
  47. Insel T., Cuthbert B., Garvey M. et al. Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): Toward
    a New Classification Framework for Research on Mental Disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 2010. Vol. 167, no. 7, pp. 748–751. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09091379
  48. Jobst A., Sabass L., Palagyi A. et al. Effects of social exclusion on emotions and oxytocin and cortisol levels in patients with chronic depression. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2015. Vol. 60, pp. 170–177. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.11.001
  49. Kemeny M.E. Psychobiological responses to social threat: Evolution of
    a psychological model in psychoneuroimmunology. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2009. Vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1–9.  DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2008.08.008
  50. Lau J.Y.F., Pettit E., Creswell C. Reducing children’s social anxiety symptoms: Exploring a novel parent-administered cognitive bias modification training intervention. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2013. Vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 333–337. DOI: 10.1016/ j.brat.2013.03.008
  51. Lee J., Shrum L.J. Conspicuous consumption versus charitable behavior in response to social exclusion: A differential needs explanation. Journal of Consumer Research, 2012. Vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 530–544. DOI: 10.1086/664039
  52. Levinson C.A., Langer J.K., Rodebaugh T.L. Reactivity to exclusion prospectively predicts social anxiety symptoms in young adults. Behavior Therapy, 2013. Vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 470–478. DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2013.04.007
  53. Locke K.D. Agentic and communal social motives. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2015. Vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 525–538.  DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12201
  54. Mallott M.A., Maner J.K., DeWall N. et al. Compensatory deficits following rejection: the role of social anxiety in disrupting affiliative behavior. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. Vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 438–446.  DOI: 10.1002/da.20555
  55. Maner J.K., Miller S.L., Schmidt N.B. et al. Submitting to Defeat: Social Anxiety, Dominance Threat, and Decrements in Testosterone. Psychological Science, 2008. Vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 764–768. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02154.x
  56. Maner J.K., Miller S.L., Schmidt N.B., Eckel L.A. The Endocrinology of Exclusion: Rejection Elicits Motivationally Tuned Changes in Progesterone. Psychological Science, 2010. Vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 581–588. DOI: 10.1177/0956797610362676
  57. Mayo-Wilson E., Dias S., Mavranezouli I. et al. Psychological and pharmacological interventions for social anxiety disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2014. Vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 368–376. DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(14)70329-3
  58. Moscovitch D.A. What Is the Core Fear in Social Phobia? A New Model to Facilitate Individualized Case Conceptualization and Treatment. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 2009. Vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 123–134. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.04.002
  59. Ohayon M.M., Schatzberg A.F. Social phobia and depression: Prevalence and comorbidity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2010. Vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 235–243.  DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.07.018
  60. Pharo H., Gross J., Richardson R. et al. Age-related changes in the effect
    of ostracism. Social Influence, 2011. Vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 22–38. DOI: 10.1080/ 15534510.2010.525852
  61. Pickett C.L., Gardner W.L., Knowles M. Getting a cue: the need to belong and enhanced sensitivity to social cues. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2004. Vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 1095–1107. DOI: 10.1177/0146167203262085
  62. Pull Ch.B. Current status of knowledge on public-speaking anxiety. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 2012. Vol. 25, no. 1. pp. 32–28. DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e32834e06d
  63. Rabinovitz S. Drowning your sorrows? Social exclusion and anger effects on alcohol drinking. Addiction Research & Theory, 2014. Vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 363–370.  DOI: 10.3109/16066359.2013.857661
  64. Rapee R.M., Heimberg R.G. A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 1997. Vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 741–756.  DOI: 10.1016/S0005-7967(97)000223
  65. Riva P., Romero Lauro L.J., DeWall C.N., Bushman B.J. Buffer the Pain Away: Stimulating the Right Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Reduces Pain Following Social Exclusion. Psychological Science, 2012. Vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 1473–1475. DOI: 10.1177/0956797612450894
  66. Riva P., Romero Lauro L.J., DeWall C.N. et al. Reducing aggressive responses to social exclusion using transcranial direct current stimulation. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2015. Vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 352–356. DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu053
  67. Romero-Canyas R., Downey G., Reddy K.S. et al. Paying to belong: When does rejection trigger ingratiation? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2010. Vol. 99,
    no. 5, pp. 802–823. DOI: 10.1037/a0020013
  68. Ruscio A.M., Brown T.A., Chiu W.T. et al. Social fears and social phobia in the USA: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Psychological Medicine, 2008. Vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 15–28. DOI: 10.1017/S0033291707001699
  69. Sadikaj G., Moskowitz D.S., Russell J.J. et al. Submissiveness in Social Anxiety Disorder: The Role of Interpersonal Perception and Embarrassment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2015. Vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 1–27. DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2015.34.1.1
  70. Sapolsky R.M. The influence of social hierarchy on primate health. Science (New York, N.Y.), 2005. Vol. 308(5722), pp. 648–652.  DOI: 10.1126/science.1106477
  71. Schaller M. The behavioural immune system and the psychology of human sociality. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 2011. Vol. 366, pp. 3418–3426, DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0029
  72. Schnabel K., Asendorpf J.B. Cognitive trainings reduce implicit social rejection associations. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2015. Vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 365–391.  DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2015.34.3.1
  73. Schneier F.R., Foose T.E., Hasin D.S. et al. Social anxiety disorder and alcohol use disorder co-morbidity in the national epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions. Psychological Medicine, 2010. Vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 977–988. DOI: 10.1017/S0033291709991231
  74. Sebastian C., Viding E., Williams K.D. et al. Social brain development and the affective consequences of ostracism in adolescence. Brain and Cognition, 2010. Vol. 72,
    no. 1, pp. 134–145. DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2009.06.008
  75. Sheppes G., Suri G., Gross J.J. Emotion regulation and psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2015. Vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 379–405.  DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112739
  76. Shilling A.A., Brown C.M. Goal-driven resource redistribution: An adaptive response to social exclusion. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 2016. Vol. 10, no. 3,
    pp. 149–167.  DOI: 10.1037/ebs0000062
  77. Slavich G.M., O’Donovan A., Epel E.S. et al. Black sheep get the blues:
    A psychobiological model of social rejection and depression. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2010. Vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 39–45. DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.01.003
  78. Smart Richman L., Leary M.R. Reactions to discrimination, stigmatization, ostracism, and other forms of interpersonal rejection: a multimotive model. Psychological Review, 2009. Vol. 116, no. 2, pp. 365–383. DOI: 10.1037/a0015250
  79. Sprunger J.G., Hales A., Maloney M. et al. Alcohol, affect, and aggression: An investigation of alcohol’s effects following ostracism. Psychology of Violence, 2020. Advance online publication.  DOI: 10.1037/vio0000341
  80. Sumter S.R., Bokhorst C.L., Miers A.C. et al. Age and puberty differences in stress responses during a public speaking task: Do adolescents grow more sensitive to social evaluation? Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2010. Vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 1510–1516.
  81. Taylor C.J. Physiological stress response to loss of social influence and threats to masculinity. Social Science & Medicine, 2014. Vol. 103, pp. 51–59. DOI: 10.1016/ j.socscimed.2013.07.036
  82. Taylor C.T., Bomyea J., Amir N. Attentional bias away from positive social information mediates the link between social anxiety and anxiety vulnerability to a social stressor. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2010. Vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 403–408.  DOI: 10.1016/ j.janxdis.2010.02.004
  83. Taylor S.E., Klein L.C., Lewis B.P. et al. Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight. Psychological Review, 2000. Vol. 107, no. 3,
    pp. 411–429. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.107.3.411
  84. Terburg D., Aarts H., van Honk J. Testosterone Affects Gaze Aversion From Angry Faces Outside of Conscious Awareness. Psychological Science, 2012. Vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 459–463. DOI: 10.1177/0956797611433336
  85. Trower P., Gilbert P. New theoretical conceptions of social anxiety and social phobia. Clinical Psychology Review, 1989. Vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 19–35. DOI: 10.1016/0272-7358(89)90044-5
  86. Weeks J.W., Heimberg R.G., Heuer R. Exploring the role of behavioral submissiveness in social anxiety. Social and Clinical Psychology, 2011. Vol. 30, no. 3,
    pp. 217–249.  DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2011.30.3.217
  87. Weeks J.W., Rodebaugh T.L., Heimberg R.G. et al. To avoid evaluation, withdraw: Fears of evaluation and depressive cognitions lead to social anxiety and submissive withdrawal. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2008. Vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 375–389. DOI: 10.1007/s10608-008-9203-0
  88. Weisman O., Aderka I.M., Marom S. et al. Social rank and affiliation in social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2011. Vol. 49, no. 6-7, pp. 399–405. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2011.03.010
  89. Westermann S., Rief W., Euteneuer F. et al. Social exclusion and shame in obesity. Eating Behaviors, 2015. Vol. 17, pp. 74–76. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.01.001
  90. Wiemers U.S., Schultheiss O.C., Wolf O.T. Public speaking in front of an unreceptive audience increases implicit power motivation and its endocrine arousal signature. Hormones and Behavior, 2015. Vol. 71, pp. 69–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.04.007
  91. Williams K.D. Ostracism. Annual Review of Psychology, 2007. Vol. 58, no. 1,
    pp. 425–452. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085641
  92. Wirth M.M., Welsh K.M., Schultheiss O.C. Salivary cortisol changes in humans after winning or losing a dominance contest depend on implicit power motivation. Hormones and Behavior, 2006. Vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 346–352. DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.08.013
  93. Wood S. Individual Differences in the Neurobiology of Social Stress: Implications for Depression-Cardiovascular Disease Comorbidity. Current Neuropharmacology, 2014. Vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 205–211. DOI: 10.2174/1570159X11666131120224413
  94. Xu Y., Schneier F., Heimberg R.G. et al. Gender differences in social anxiety disorder: Results from the national epidemiologic sample on alcohol and related conditions. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2012. Vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 12–19.  DOI: 10.1016/ j.janxdis.2011.08.006

Информация об авторах

Гильбоа-Шехтман Ева, PhD, профессор, руководитель лаборатории эмоционального процессинга департамента психологии и Многопрофильного центра изучения мозга Гонда, Университет имени Бар-Илан, Рамат-Ган, Израиль, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2831-5835, e-mail: evagilboa@gmail.com

Метрики

Просмотров

Всего: 883
В прошлом месяце: 9
В текущем месяце: 9

Скачиваний

Всего: 450
В прошлом месяце: 8
В текущем месяце: 3