Клиническая и специальная психология
2022. Том 11. № 4. С. 1–29
doi:10.17759/cpse.2022110401
ISSN: 2304-0394 (online)
Родительский стресс и воспитание ребенка с детским церебральным параличом: обзор зарубежных исследований
Аннотация
Воспитание ребенка с детским церебральным параличом сопровождается сильным стрессом, негативно влияющим на всех участников воспитательного процесса. В отечественной психологии данная проблема раскрывается И.Ю. Левченко, В.В. Ткачевой, В.А. Вишневским, Т.Н. Волковской. Тем не менее имеется дефицит исследований, посвященных стрессу у лиц, воспитывающих ребенка с детским церебральным параличом. Целью данного обзора было изучение зарубежных исследований, посвященных стрессу у лиц, воспитывающих детей с детским церебральным параличом. В статье раскрывается ведущая на данный момент модель родительского стресса Р. Абидина. Рассматривается взаимосвязь воспитания ребенка с детским церебральным параличом и родительского стресса с опорой на эту модель. В частности, описаны результаты исследований, раскрывающие специфические аспекты родительского стресса: дефицит специальных знаний по уходу за ребенком, неравномерное распределение родительских обязанностей, сепарационная тревога, проблемы со здоровьем родителей, социальная изоляция и культ вины. Из проведенного анализа можно сделать вывод о том, что воспитание ребенка с детским церебральным параличом сопряжено с более высоким уровнем стресса, чем воспитание детей без инвалидности. Данную информацию можно использовать как в аналогичных исследованиях на отечественной выборке, так и в практических программах по снижению родительского стресса.
Общая информация
Ключевые слова: дети, ДЦП, клиническая психология, инвалидность
Рубрика издания: Теоретические исследования
Тип материала: научная статья
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110401
Получена: 25.10.2021
Принята в печать:
Для цитаты: Ким К.А., Кадыров Р.В. Родительский стресс и воспитание ребенка с детским церебральным параличом: обзор зарубежных исследований [Электронный ресурс] // Клиническая и специальная психология. 2022. Том 11. № 4. С. 1–29. DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2022110401
Полный текст
Введение
Методы
Понятие «родительский стресс»
Родительский стресс, связанный с особенностями ребенка с ДЦП
Обсуждение
- Методологические проблемы изучения РС. Р. Абидин рассматривает РС как негативную реакцию в отношении себя и ребенка, возникающую при оценке уровня загруженности родительской ролью, с выделением двух видов этого стресса: стресс, связанный с ребенком, и стресс, связанный с родителем. Мы считаем важным изучение вопроса, какой из вышеперечисленных видов стресса является более значимым для российской выборки. Также полезно будет изучить взаимосвязь параметров данных видов стресса (например, влияет ли и как именно культура вины и социальная изоляция на экономическое положение семьи).
- Особенности психологической и психотерапевтической помощи. Ожидаемым является вывод о том, что родителям детей с ДЦП необходима психотерапевтическая программа, включающая в себя семейную и индивидуальную психотерапию.
- Особенности работы со стрессом, связанным с ребенком. Необходимо обучать родителей специфическим навыкам и программам, таким как постуральный менеджмент и развивающий уход. Разумеется, это выходит за рамки компетенций психотерапевта/психолога, поэтому стоит привлекать к работе специалистов других профилей (дефектологов, логопедов, реабилитологов, специалистов ЛФК).
Заключение
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