Изменение когнитивных функций в течение жизни

Аннотация

Хотя и развитие когнитивных способностей у детей, и спад когнитивных функций в пожилом возрасте изучались очень подробно, эти две области когнитивной науки все еще существуют относительно независимо друг от друга. В какой'то степени такое взаимное игнорирование отражает факт, что эти две области делают акцент на различных аспектах когниций. Очевидно, что единая теория развития когнитивных функций в течение жизни должна предложить единые механизмы, лежащие в основе роста и спада. В данной статье мы предлагаем подход, основанный на понятиях репрезентации и управления. Когнитивные репрезентации формируются в процессе развития и остаются относительно стабильными во взрослом возрасте, в то время как управляющие функции после стремительного развития в детстве в позднем возрасте теряют свою эффективность. Результаты выполнения заданий, задействующих восприятие, внимание, память, мышление и речь, отражают взаимодействие этих двух основных факторов когнитивной системы. Задача будущего - найти соответствие этих когнитивных конструктов в нейробиологии.

Общая информация

Рубрика издания: Теоретико-эмпирические исследования

Для цитаты: Крейк Ф., Бялысток И. Изменение когнитивных функций в течение жизни // Психология. 2006. Том 3. № 2. С. 73–85.

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Информация об авторах

Крейк Фергус, доктор психологических наук, старший научный ссотрудник научный сотрудник, Ротмановский научно-исследовательский институт, Торонто, Канада, e-mail: fcraik@rotman-baycrest.on.ca

Бялысток Иллин, ассоциированный исследователь, Исследовательского института Ротмана, Торонто, Канада, e-mail: ellenb@yorku.ca

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