Изменение когнитивных функций в течение жизни

Хотя и развитие когнитивных способностей у детей, и спад когнитивных функций в пожилом возрасте изучались очень подробно, эти две области когнитивной науки все еще существуют относительно независимо друг от друга. В какой'то степени такое взаимное игнорирование отражает факт, что эти две области делают акцент на различных аспектах когниций. Очевидно, что единая теория развития когнитивных функций в течение жизни должна предложить единые механизмы, лежащие в основе роста и спада. В данной статье мы предлагаем подход, основанный на понятиях репрезентации и управления. Когнитивные репрезентации формируются в процессе развития и остаются относительно стабильными во взрослом возрасте, в то время как управляющие функции после стремительного развития в детстве в позднем возрасте теряют свою эффективность. Результаты выполнения заданий, задействующих восприятие, внимание, память, мышление и речь, отражают взаимодействие этих двух основных факторов когнитивной системы. Задача будущего - найти соответствие этих когнитивных конструктов в нейробиологии.

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