Когнитивно-поведенческая терапия бессонницы (КПТ-Б) — это многокомпонентное лечение бессонницы, направленное на устранение трудностей с засыпанием и сном, которое проводится в течение 6–8 сеансов. Основной целью КПТ-Б является устранение факторов (в соответствии с трехфакторной моделью бессонницы), которые способствуют развитию хронической бессонницы. Хроническая бессонница является наиболее распространенным расстройством сна, встречающимся примерно у 6–10% населения, а также фактором риска развития многочисленных медицинских и психических расстройств. Несмотря на распространенность и заболеваемость, широкое распространение КПТ-Б несоизмеримо с общим воздействием бессонницы на здоровье населения. Это особенно удивительно, учитывая обширную доказательную базу КПТ-Б и недавнюю рекомендацию использовать ее в качестве первой линии лечения бессонницы. Основная цель этой статьи — представить руководство, или краткое введение в КПТ-Б, которое должно быть доступно всем клиницистам и исследователям, включая экспертов, не занимающихся вопросами сна. Описаны основные компоненты КПТ-Б (ограничение сна, контроль стимулов, гигиена сна
и когнитивная терапия), стратегии профилактики рецидивов, межкультурный аспект, вспомогательные средства для традиционных видов вмешательств, проблемы соблюдения режима лечения, эффективность и варианты дальнейшего обучения. Также приводится посессионный план терапии.
* Корреспонденцию, касающуюся этой статьи, следует направлять Айвану Варгасу, Мемориал Холл, Университет Арканзаса, Фейетвилл, Арканзас, 72701, e-mail: ivvargas@uark.edu
List of CBT-I treatment manuals and other recommended
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