Самый фундаментальный или самый ошибочный из эмпирических вопросов: что такое сознание?*

Аннотация

В статье предлагается обзор концепций и состояний сознания. Состояния сознания рассматриваются от обыденного к измененным и надличностным состояниям. Идет изложение конкурирующих точек зрения на сознание в когнитивных науках, нейропсихологии и психологии животных, развивается представление о перцептуальной осведомленности как основе сознания, потенциально общей для всех живых существ. Автор сводит воедино отдельные нити неореалистических подходов к восприятию и мышлению, феноменологии образов и синестезии и когнитивных теорий метафоры. Он разрабатывает собственную когнитивную теорию мистического опыта, в которой сочетаются медитативные и религиозные описания сознания и ощущение Бытия. Среди других рассматриваемых тем: отношение между сознанием и временем; общие перцептуально-метафорические корни параллелей между сознанием и современной физикой; коллективная основа надличностных состояний, как она отражается в социологии мистицизма и альтернативной интерпретации парапсихологических исследований.

Общая информация

* Публикуемые материалы представляют собой отрывок из книги Г.Т. Ханта «Природа сознания с когнитивной, феноменологической и трансперсональной точек зрения» (М., 2004). Материалы публикуются с разрешения издательства Института трансперсональной психологии. Перевод книги выполнен А. Киселевым. Аннотация и ключевые слова к статье оформлены редакцией журнала «Методология и история психологии» (ред.).

Ключевые слова: феноменология, сознание, Я, междисциплинарный диалог, презентационные состояния, диалог между наукой и религией, самосоотнесение, бытийствование

Рубрика издания: Историко-психологическое введение в проблему

Тип материала: научная статья

Для цитаты: Хант Г. Самый фундаментальный или самый ошибочный из эмпирических вопросов: что такое сознание? // Методология и история психологии. 2009. № 1. С. 61–86.

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Информация об авторах

Хант Гарри, доктор психологии, профессор психологии в Университете Брока

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