Феноменология разных форм психологического насилия в молодежной среде: зарубежные исследования

Представлен обзор современных западных литературных источников, посвященных проблеме психологического насилия и его разнообразным проявлениям в системе образования, в частности в школе. Дана краткая характеристика подходов к проблеме насилия, описаны результаты ряда исследований, доказывающие взаимосвязь степени благоприятности психологического климата школы и академической успеваемости, вероятности обращения за поддержкой к учителям и сверстникам, приводятся конкретные факты влияния пола, возраста и некоторых других социально-психологических характеристик, расширяющие и конкретизирующие представления о феноменологии психологического насилия. Показана роль культурных ценностей и школьной микросреды как фундаментальных факторов профилактики насилия. Приведены рекомендации, нацеленные на профилактику и снижение уровня насилия в системе современного образования (в частности, буллинга и кибербуллинга).

Молодежное насилие является актуальной проблемой в современном мировом сообществе. С позиций социально-психологического подхода это – социальная проблема, порождаемая взаимодействием социальных индивидов в социокультурном контексте, а не только результат межличностных отношений или индивидуальной патологии. Социальные ценности и культурные нормы оказывают существенное влияние на молодежное насилие.

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