Skip to Main Content

Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology
2022. Vol. 11, no. 3, 114–126
doi:10.17759/jmfp.2022110311
ISSN: 2304-4977 (online)

National and foreign experience in providing emergency psychological assistance to the population

550

O.A. Ulyanina, L.A. Gayazova, K.A. Faizullina, E.A. Nikiforova, K.G. Semenova

PDF (RUS)
Online translation in english
GS
Information
in Google Scholar

Abstract

The article presents the foreign and national experience of providing emergency psychological assistance. The analysis of modern publications made it possible to determine the specifics of psychotraumatic situations, as well as the psychological states of victims requiring emergency psychological intervention, to formulate the principles of providing this assistance. The practice of organizing the work of specialists of emergency psychological and social services with victims, survivors of domestic violence, victims of terrorist attack and other emergencies, medical workers and volunteers providing various assistance in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia and abroad is highlighted. The article considers the system of organization of psychological assistance by specialists of psychological service in the Russian Federation. The problem of assessment of the effectiveness of psychological assistance is actualized by the example of the methodology of monitoring and assessment of actions in the area of mental health and psychosocial support in emergency situations.

General Information

Keywords: emergency psychological assistance, crisis event, psychological support, emergency, remote counseling, helpline, chat counseling

Journal rubric: Labour Psychology and Engineering Psychology

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2022110311

For citation: Ulyanina O.A., Gayazova L.A., Faizullina K.A., Nikiforova E.A., Semenova K.G. National and foreign experience in providing emergency psychological assistance to the population [Elektronnyi resurs]. Sovremennaia zarubezhnaia psikhologiia = Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology, 2022. Vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 114–126. DOI: 10.17759/jmfp.2022110311. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Burlakova N. S. Psikhicheskoe razvitie detei, perezhivshikh massovye bedstviya: ot izucheniya posledstvii k proektirovaniyu razvitiya na osnove kul’turno-istoricheskogo analiza [Mental development of children who have survived mass disasters: from studying the consequences to designing development based on cultural and historical analysis]. Natsional’nyi psikhologicheskii zhurnal = National Psychological Journal, 2018, no. 1(29), pp. 17—29. (In Russ.).
  2. Kryukova M. A., Nikitina G. I., Sergeeva Yu. S. Ekstrennaya psikhologicheskaya pomoshch’: prakticheskoe posobie [Emergency psychological assistance: a practical guide]. Moscow: ENAS, 2009. 64 p. (In Russ.).
  3. Malkina-Pykh I. G. Psikhologicheskaya pomoshch’ v krizisnykh situatsiyakh [Psychological assistance in crisis situations]. Moscow: Eksmo, 2005. 960 p. (In Russ.).
  4. Matafonova T. Yu. Osobennosti deyatel’nosti psikhologicheskoi sluzhby pri ekstrennoi psikhologicheskoi pomoshchi postradavshim v chrezvychainykh situatsiyakh [Features of the activity of the psychological service for emergency psychological assistance to victims in emergency situations]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta MVD Rossii = Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2011, no. 6, pp. 25—29. (In Russ.).
  5. Miller L. V. Model’ ekstrennoi psikhologicheskoi pomoshchi [The model of emergency psychological assistance]. Nauchno-prakticheskie i prikladnye aspekty deyatel’nosti tsentra ekstrennoi psikhologicheskoi pomoshchi IEP MGPPU: sbornik statei = Scientific, practical and applied aspects of the activities of the center for emergency psychological assistance IEP MSUPE: collection of articles. Moscow: Publ. Ekon-Inform, 2011, pp. 21—54. (In Russ.).
  6. Onishchenko N. V. Ekstrennaya psikhologicheskaya pomoshch’ postradavshim, perezhivshim stolknovenie so smert’yu v ochage chrezvychainoi situatsii [Emergency psychological assistance to victims who have experienced a collision with death in the center of an emergency situation]. Pozharnaya bezopasnost’: problemy i perspektivy [Fire safety: problems and prospects]: Sbornik statei po materialam Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii: Voronezh, 20 sentyabrya 2012 g. Voronezh: Publ. Voronezhskii Institut GPS MChS Rossii, 2012, pp. 115—117. (In Russ.).
  7. Shoigu Yu. S., Timofeeva L. N., Kurilova E. V. Organizatsiya i okazanie ekstrennoi psikhologicheskoi pomoshchi detyam, postradavshim v chrezvychainykh situatsiyakh (na primere raboty spetsialistov psikhologicheskoi sluzhby MChS Rossii v shkole №127 g. Perm’) [Organization and provision of emergency psychological assistance to children affected in emergency situations (on the example of the work of specialists of the psychological service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia at school No.127 in Perm)]. Sovremennye podkhody v okazanii ekstrennoi psikhologicheskoi pomoshchi [Modern approaches in providing emergency psychological assistance]: Sbornik trudov molodykh uchenykh: Eksperimental’naya platforma — 2018. Perm: IP Sigitov T. M., 2018, pp. 98—100. (In Russ.).
  8. Shoigu Yu. S., Timofeeva L. N., Tolubaeva N. V. Osobennosti okazaniya ekstrennoi psikhologicheskoi pomoshchi pri perezhivanii utraty v chrezvychainykh situatsiyakh [Features of providing emergency psychological assistance in experiencing loss in emergency situations]. Natsional’nyi psikhologicheskii zhurnal = National Psychological Journal, 2021, no. 1(41), pp. 115—126. DOI:10.11621/npj.2021.0110 (In Russ.).
  9. Artamonova E. G., Vasil’eva N. N., Glazunova E. A., Diterikhs A. L., Zhurkina T. A., Ivanova E. V., Melent’eva O. S. Sozdanie i obespechenie sistemy ekstrennoi psikhologicheskoi pomoshchi v sostave psikhologicheskoi sluzhby v sisteme obrazovaniya Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Creation and provision of a system of emergency psychological assistance as part of the psychological service in the education system of the Russian Federation]. Obrazovanie lichnosti = Personality education, 2021, no. 3-4, pp. 95—137. (In Russ.).
  10. Strel’nikova Yu. Yu. Printsipy okazaniya ekstrennoi psikhologicheskoi i neotlozhnoi psikhiatricheskoi pomoshchi v zone chrezvychainoi situatsii [Principles of providing emergency psychological and emergency psychiatric care in the emergency zone]. Servis bezopasnosti v Rossii: opyt, problemy, perspektivy. Obespechenie bezopasnosti pri chrezvychainykh situatsiyakh [Security Service in Russia: experience, problems, prospects. Ensuring safety in emergency situations]: Materialy VII Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii: Sankt-Peterburg, 24 sentyabrya 2015 g. Saint Petersburg: Publ. SPb UGPS MChS Rossii, 2015, pp. 73—76. (In Russ.).
  11. Tkacheva O. Yu. Ekstrennaya sotsial’no-psikhologicheskaya pomoshch’ detyam v situatsii suitsidal’nogo povedeniya, zhestokogo obrashcheniya i chrezvychainykh situatsii v obrazovatel’nom prostranstve goroda Permi: opyt MBU «Tsentr psikhologo-pedagogicheskoi, meditsinskoi i sotsial’noi pomoshchi» [Elektronnyi resurs] [Emergency socio-psychological assistance to children in situations of suicidal behavior, abuse and emergencies in the educational space of the city of Perm: the experience of the MBU «Center for Psychological, Pedagogical, Medical and Social Assistance»]. Vestnik prakticheskoi psikhologii obrazovaniya = Bulletin of practical Psychology of Education, 2018. Vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 32—39. URL: https://psyjournals.ru/vestnik_psyobr/2018/n1/Tkacheva_2.shtml (Accessed 13.05.2022). (In Russ.).
  12. Ul’yanina O. A., Timur O. Yu. Analiz regional’noi praktiki mezhvedomstvennogo vzaimodeistviya pri okazanii ekstrennoi psikhologicheskoi pomoshchi nesovershennoletnim [Analysis of regional practice of interdepartmental cooperation in providing emergency psychological assistance to minors]. Aktual’nye problemy psikhologicheskogo znaniya = Actual problems of psychological knowledge, 2021, no. 1—2(55), pp. 128—141. (In Russ.).
  13. Fedunina N. Yu. Ekstrennaya psikhologicheskaya pomoshch’: zakony zhanra [Emergency psychological help: the laws of the genre]. Moskovskii psikhoterapevticheskii zhurnal = Moscow Psychotherapeutic Journal, 2006, no. 4(51), pp. 6—25. (In Russ.).
  14. Shempeleva N. I., Pestova I. V. Profilakticheskaya kompetentnost’ pedagoga-psikhologa kak faktor ego professional’nogo razvitiya [Preventive competence of a teacher-psychologist as a factor of his professional development]. Vestnik prakticheskoi psikhologii obrazovaniya = Bulletin of practical Psychology of Education, 2020. Vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 58—67. DOI:10.17759/ bppe.2020170305 (In Russ.).
  15. Shoigu Yu. S. Nauchno-metodologicheskie polozheniya okazaniya ekstrennoi psikhologicheskoi pomoshchi [Scientific and methodological provisions of emergency psychological assistance]. Mediko-biologicheskie i sotsial’no-psikhologicheskie problemy bezopasnosti v chrezvychainykh situatsiyakh = Biomedical and socio-psychological problems of safety in emergency situations, 2008, no. 1, pp. 33—38. (In Russ.).
  16. Shoigu Yu. S. Printsipy okazaniya ekstrennoi psikhologicheskoi pomoshchi v usloviyakh chrezvychainykh i ekstremal’nykh situatsii [Principles of providing emergency psychological assistance in emergency and extreme situations]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Seriya 12. Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya. Pedagogika = Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Series 12. Psychology. Sociology. Pedagogy, 2010, no. 1, pp. 162—168. (In Russ.).
  17. Shchukina M. A., Garanzha A. V. Chat-konsul’tirovanie v krizisnoi psikhologicheskoi sluzhbe dlya podrostkov [Chat counseling in a crisis psychological service for teenagers]. Vestnik Vyatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filosofiya. Pedagogika. Psikhologiya = Bulletin of Vyatka State University. Philosophy. Pedagogy. Psychology, 2021, no. 1, pp. 115—124. (In Russ.).
  18. A canoe in the storm: Emergency Psychological Reception in the COVID-19 pandemic / A. M. Campos da Rocha, L. Y. Leal da Silva, D. Castro Silva, Patrcia do Socorro Magalhes Franco do Espirito Santo. Revista do NUFEN, 2021. Vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 95—107.
  19. WHO TEAM (ed.) A Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Field test version Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings. Geneva: IASC, 2017. 41 p.
  20. Dieltjens T., Moonens I., Van Praet K., De Buck E., Vandekerckhove P. A systematic literature search on psychological first aid: lack of evidence to develop guidelines. PloS one, 2014. Vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 1—13. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0114714
  21. Eckert M., Efe Z., Guenthner L., Baldofski S., Kuehne K., Wundrack R., Thomas J., Saee S., Kohls E., Rummel- Kluge C. Acceptability and feasibility of a messenger-based psychological chat counselling service for children and young adults («krisenchat»): A cross-sectional study. Internet Interventions, 2022. Vol. 27, pp. 1—6. DOI:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100508
  22. Alexander Y., Prior S. Terrorism and Medical Responses: U. S. Lessons and Policy Iimplications. Ardsley: Transnational Publishers, Inc., 2001. 195 p.
  23. Becker da Silva A. M., Normidio Bini M. C. Perceptions about the emergency psychological service at a Women’s Police Station. Psicologia USP, 2021. Vol. 32, article ID e200201, 11 p. DOI:10.1590/0103-6564e200201
  24. Budinger M., Cwik M., Riddle M. Awareness, attitudes, and use of crisis hotlines among youth at-risk for suicide. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 2015. Vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 192—198. DOI:10.1111/sltb.12112
  25. Cardozo В. Guidelines need a more evidence based approach: a commentary on the IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings. Intervention, 2008. Vol. 6, pp. 252—254. DOI:10.1097/ WTF.0b013e32831c8c18
  26. Karaman M. A., Eşici H., Tomar ?. H., Aliyev R. COVID-19: Are School Counseling Services Ready? Students’ Psychological Symptoms, School Counselors’ Views, and Solutions. Frontiers in Psychology, 2021. Vol. 12, article ID 647740, 14 p. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647740
  27. Duan L., Zhu G. Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2020. Vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 300—302. DOI:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30073-0
  28. Watling D., Batchelor S., Collyer B., Mathieu S., Ross V., Spence S. H., Kolves K. Help-Seeking from a National Youth Helpline in Australia: An Analysis of Kids Helpline Contacts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021. Vol. 18, article ID 6024, 14 p. DOI:10.3390/ijerph18116024
  29. Holgersson A. Review of On-Scene Management of Mass-Casualty Attacks. Journal of Human Security, 2016. Vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 91—111. DOI:10.12924/johs2016.12010091
  30. IASC Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings: With means of verification (Version 2.0) [Электронные ресурс]. Geneva: IASC, 2021. 123 p. URL: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-reference-group-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-emergency-settings/iasc-common-monitoring-and-evaluation-framework-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-emergency (дата обращения: 14.09.2022).
  31. McAdams Ducy E., Stough L. M. Psychological effects of the 2017 California wildfires on children and youth with disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2021. Vol 114, article ID 103981. 13 p. DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103981
  32. Mental health during and after the COVID-19 emergency in Italy / G. Sani, D. Janiri, Di Nicola M., L. Janiri, S. Ferretti, D. Chieffo. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2020. Vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 372—373. DOI:10.1111/pcn.13004
  33. Zi-Han Liu, Yan-Jie Zhao, Yuan Feng, Qinge Zhang, Bao-Liang Zhong, Teris Cheung, Brian J. Hall, Yu-Tao Xiang Migrant workers in China need emergency psychological interventions during the COVID-19 outbreak. Globalization and Health, 2020. Vol. 16, article ID 75. 3 p. DOI:10.1186/s12992-020-00608-w
  34. Miner A. S., Laranjo L., Kocaballi A. B. Chatbots in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. NPJ Digital Medicine, 2020. Vol. 3, article ID 65. 4 p. DOI:10.1038/s41746-020-0280-0
  35. Mukhtar S. Mental Health and Psychosocial Aspects of Coronavirus Outbreak in Pakistan: Psychological Intervention for Public Mental Health Crisis. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 2020. Vol. 51, article ID 102069. 2 p. DOI:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102069
  36. PciCALL, emergency psychological assistance / Martos Torrecilla, Lozano Castellanos, Santos del Rio, Prieto Gómez, Huguet Cuadrado, Estupiña Puig, Larroy García. BMJ Open, 2019. Vol. 9, pp. 9—10. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-EMS.25
  37. Arancibia M., Leyton E, Mor n J., Muga A., Ríos U., Sepúlveda E., Vallejo-Correa V. Phycological debriefing in acute traumatic events: Evidence synthesis. Medwave, 2022. Vol. 22, no. 1, article ID 002538, 13 p. DOI:10.5867/ medwave.2022.01.002538
  38. Wen Li, Yuan Yang, Zi-Han Liu, Yan-Jie Zhao, Qinge Zhang, Ling Zhang, Teris Cheung, Yu-Tao Xiang Progression of Mental Health Services during the COVID-19 Outbreak in China. International Journal of Biological Science, 2020. Vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1732—1738. DOI:10.7150/ijbs.45120
  39. Monalisa Pontes Xavier, Algeless Milka Pereira Meireles da Silva, Carla Fernanda de Lima, Mharianni Ciarlini de Sousa Bezerra, Mirela Dantas Ricarte Psychological aspects of the pandemic and the challenges of an online emergency support project. Estudos de Psicologia, 2020. Vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 258—366. DOI:10.22491/1678-4669.20200036
  40. Suzanna C Rose, Jonathan Bisson, Rachel Churchill, Simon Wessely Psychological debriefing for preventing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2002, no. 2, article ID CD000560, [40] p. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000560
  41. Andrews S. K., Gabat J., Jolink G., Klugman J. Responding to rising intimate partner violence amid COVID-19. A rapid global review [Elektronnyi resurs]. Washington DC: New Perimeter, DLA Piper’s Global Pro Bono Initiative; and Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security, 2021. 35 p. USR: https://giwps.georgetown.edu/resource/responding-to-rising-intimate-partner-violence-amid-covid-19/ (Accessed 15.09.2022).
  42. Roberts A. R. Crisis intervention handbook: Assessment, Treatment and Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. 554 p.
  43. Shultz1 J. M., Forbes D. Psychological first aid. Rapid proliferation and the search for evidence. Disaster Health, 2014. Vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 3—12. DOI:10.4161/dish.26006
  44. Soto-Baño M. A., Clemente-Suárez V. J. Psychology of emergencies in Spain: current analysis, norms and regulatory proposal. Psychologist Papers, 2021. Vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 46—55. DOI:10.23923/pap.psicol2020.2938
  45. Tamrakar T., Elklit A., Murphy J. Was Psychological Debriefing Dismissed Too Quickly?: Assessment of the 2002 Cochrane Review. Crisis, Stress and Human Resilience: An International Journal, 2019. Vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 146—155.
  46. Fox J. H., Burkle Jr F. M., Bass J., Pia F. A., Epstein J. L., Markenson D. The Effectiveness of Psychological First Aid as a Disaster Intervention Tool: Research Analysis of Peer-Reviewed Literature From 1990—2010. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 2012. Vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 247—252. DOI:10.1001/dmp.2012.39
  47. Pirard P., Baubet T., Motreff Y., Rabet G., Marillier M., Vandentorren S., Vuillermoz C., Stene L. E., Messiah A. Use of mental health supports by civilians exposed to the November 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris. BMC Health Services Research, 2020. Vol. 20, article ID 959. 17 p. DOI:10.1186/s12913-020-05785-3

Information About the Authors

Olga A. Ulyanina, Doctor of Psychology, Associate Professor, Head of the Federal Coordination Center for the Provision of Psychological Services in the Education System of the Russian Federation, Moscow State University of Psychology & Education, Corresponding member of the RAE, Chief Researcher of the Research Center, Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia; Professor of Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychology at National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9300-4825, e-mail: ulyaninaoa@mgppu.ru

Larisa A. Gayazova, PhD in Psychology, Deputy Head of the Federal Coordination Center for the Provision of Psychological Services in the Education System of the Russian Federation, Moscow State University of Psychology & Education, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0542-6687, e-mail: gayazovala@mgppu.ru

Kseniya A. Faizullina, Head, Department of Scientific and Methodological Support, Federal Coordination Center for the Provision of Psychological Services in the Education System of the Russian Federation, Moscow State University of Psychology & Education, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2985-9332, e-mail: fajzullinaka@mgppu.ru

Ekaterina A. Nikiforova, Lead Analyst of the Department of Scientific and Methodological Support of the Federal Coordination Center for the Provision of Psychological Services in the Education System of the Russian Federation, Moscow State University of Psychology & Education, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0488-6497, e-mail: k.Nikiforova.2014@yandex.ru

Ksenia G. Semenova, Teacher-Psychologist of the Department of Monitoring and Coordination Psychological Services in the Education System of the Federal Coordination Center for the Provision of Psychological Services in the Education System of the Russian Federation, Moscow State University of Psychology & Education, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3727-6014, e-mail: semenovakg@mgppu.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 2545
Previous month: 107
Current month: 35

Downloads

Total: 550
Previous month: 25
Current month: 7