Socialization Problems in Orphans and Children Without Parental Care

1215

Abstract

The process of social adaptation in graduates of orphan organizations occurs simultaneously with their socialization: as adolescents become involved in various life situations, they acquire new repertoires of social behavior or employ the ones they already have. Special attention should be paid to the specifics of development in adolescents brought up in socially deprived conditions since they tend to demonstrate asocial motivation, communicative deficits and try to avoid performing social roles. The article focuses on the problematic issues of socialization of orphans and children without parental care. To explore life situations typical for the period of independent living of graduates of orphan organizations, we used a special methodological tool: cases of life scenarios. We carried out the analysis of 452 cases of life scenarios in graduates aged 18—23 years, 262 male and 190 female. The analysis revealed the following problems of socialization and social adaptation of orphans and graduates of organizations for orphans and foster families: insufficient level of knowledge in matters of education, vocational education and employment, low goal-setting skills. We highlight the facts that are prototypical in the description of a life scenario, and these events are at the same time typical for graduates of various forms of foster care and orphan organizations.

General Information

Keywords: socialization, social adaptation, orphans, graduates of orphan organizations, ‘graduates’ of foster care, life scenarios of graduates, professional socialization, mentoring

Journal rubric: Developmental Psychology

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/pse.2021260615

Funding. The reported study was funded by the state assignment of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation “Scientific and methodological development of a system of tools for assessing the readiness of graduates of organizations for orphans and children without parental care, graduates of foster care to live independently and the success of social adaptation after graduation from organizations and completion of stay in foster families”, no.073-00041-21-03 dated 11.06.2021.

Received: 22.11.2021

Accepted:

For citation: Merkul I.A., Volchanskaya V.O. Socialization Problems in Orphans and Children Without Parental Care. Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie = Psychological Science and Education, 2021. Vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 189–199. DOI: 10.17759/pse.2021260615. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Anan’ev B.G.Psikhologiya i problemy chelovekoznaniya [Psychology and problems of human knowledge].Ed.by A.A.Bodalev.Moscow: Izdatel’stvo «Institut prakticheskoi psikhologii», 1996.384 p.
  2. Andreeva G.M.Sotsial’naya psikhologiya.Uchebnik dlya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii [Textbook for higher educational institutions].Moscow: Aspekt Press, 2001.290 p.
  3. Asmolov A.G.Psikhologiya sovremennosti: vyzovy neopredelennosti, slozhnosti i raznoobraziya [Elektronnyi resurs] [Psychology of modernity: challenges of uncertainty, complexity and diversity].Psikhologicheskie issledovaniya [Psychological research], 2015.Vol.8, no 40.Available at: http:// psystudy.ru/num/2015v8n40/1109-asmolov40.html (Accessed 23.11.2021).
  4. Baier E.A., Avakov S.I.Pedagogicheskoe nastavnichestvo dlya detei-sirot [Elektronnyi resurs] [Pedagogical mentoring for orphans].Problemy psikhologii i pedagogiki [Problems of psychology and pedagogy], 2017, no.2, pp.211—219.Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pedagogicheskoe-nastavnichestvo-dlya-detey-sirot (Accessed 25.11.2021).
  5. Bern E.Lyudi, kotorye igrayut v igry.Moscow: Eksmo-press, 2003.576 p.
  6. Bobyleva I.A.Soprovozhdenie vypusknikov vsekh form popecheniya (organizatsii dlya detei-sirot, semeinykh form vospitaniya): Uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie dlya sistemy dopolnitel’nogo professional’nogo obrazovaniya [Elektronnyi resurs] [Support of graduates of all forms of care (organizations for orphans, family forms of education): Educational and methodological manual for the system of additional professional education].Eds.by I.A.Bobyleva, O.V.Zavodilkina.Moscow: BF «Rasprav’ kryl’ya!», 2016.132 p.Available at: https://detskyfond.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/ Soprovozhdenie_uch-met_posobie.pdf (Accessed 23.11.2021).
  7. Bochaver A.A.Issledovaniya zhiznennogo puti cheloveka v sovremennoi zarubezhnoi psikhologii [Elektronnyi resurs] [Studies of a person’s life path in modern foreign psychology].Psikhologicheskii zhurnal [Psychological Journal], 2008, no.5, pp. 54—62.Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=11035965 (Accessed 23.11.2021).
  8. Grishina N.V.Zhiznennye stsenarii: normativnost’ i individualizatsiya [Elektronnyi resurs] [Life scenarios: normativity and individualization].Psikhologicheskie issledovaniya: elektron. nauch. zhurn, 2011, no.3(17).Available at: http://psystudy.ru/index.php/num/2011n3- 17/491-grishina17.html (Accessed 23.11.2021).
  9. Gruzdeva O.V., Starosvetskaya N.A., Sviridenko A.G., Kotlyarova E.A., Kablukova I.G.Postinternatnoe soprovozhdenie detei-sirot i detei, ostavshikhsya bez popecheniya roditelei: monitoring trudnostei i zaprosov rabotnikov detskikh domov [Elektronnyi resurs] [Post-international support of orphans and children left without parental care: monitoring of difficulties and requests of employees of orphanages].Vestnik KGPU im. V.P. Astaf’eva, 2017, no.1, pp.20—25.Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/postinternatnoe-soprovozhdenie-detey-sirot-i-detey-ostavshihsya-bez-popecheniya-roditeley-monitoring-trudnostey-i-zaprosov-rabotnikov (Accessed 23.11.2021).
  10. Kobazeva Yu.A.Issledovanie protsessa sotsializatsii sovremennykh podrostkov v otechestvennoi psikhologii [Elektronnyi resurs] [Research of the process of socialization of modern adolescents in Russian psychology].Psikhologiya obucheniya [Psychology of learning], 2007, no.5.Available at: https://psyjournals.ru/psyedu_ru/2011/n3/47078.shtml (Accessed 23.11.2021).
  11. Leont’ev D.A.Novye orientiry v psikhologii: ot neobkhodimogo k vozmozhnomu [Elektronnyi resurs] [New guidelines in psychology: from the necessary to the possible].Voprosy psikhologii [Questions of psychology], 2011, no.1, pp.3—27.Available at: https:// istina.msu.ru/publications/article/1244725/ (Accessed 23.11.2021).
  12. O dopolnitel’nykh garantiyakh po sotsial’noi podderzhke detei-sirot i detei, ostavshikhsya bez popecheniya roditelei, Federal’nyi zakon ot 21.12.1996 N 159-FZ [Elektronnyi resurs] [On additional guarantees for the social support of orphans and children left without parental care, Federal Law No.159-FZ of 21.12.1996].Garant.Informatsionno-pravovoe obespechenie.2021.Available at: https://base.garant.ru/10135206/ (Accessed 20.11.2021).
  13. O napravlenii rekomendatsii, Pis’mo Minobrnauki ot 01.03.2011 № 06.369 [Elektronnyi resurs] [On the direction of recommendations, Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science dated 01.03.2011 No.06.369].Garant.Informatsionno-pravovoe obespechenie. 2021.Available at: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/ doc/6649167/ (Accessed 20.11.2021).
  14. Ob ob”yavlenii v Rossiiskoi Federatsii Desyatiletiya detstva.Ukaz Prezidenta Rossiiskoi Federatsii ot 29.05.2017 № 240 [Elektronnyi resurs] [About the announcement of the Decade of Childhood in the Russian Federation.Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No.240 dated 29.05.2017].Garant.Informatsionno-pravovoe obespechenie.2021.Available at: https://base.garant.ru/71684480/ (Accessed 20.11.2021).
  15. Ob utverzhdenii Kontseptsii gosudarstvennoi semeinoi politiki v Rossiiskoi Federatsii na period do 2025 goda.Rasporyazhenie Pravitel’stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii ot 25.08.2014 № 1618-r.[Elektronnyi resurs] [On the approval of the Concept of State Family Policy in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025.Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No.1618-r dated 25.08.2014].Ofitsial’nyi internet-portal pravovoi informatsii.2021.Available at: http://www.pravo.gov.ru (Accessed 23.11.2021).
  16. Ob utverzhdenii plana osnovnykh meropriyatii do 2020 goda, provodimykh v ramkakh Desyatiletiya detstva.Rasporyazhenie Pravitel’stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii ot 06.07.2018 № 1375-r [Elektronnyi resurs] [On the approval of the plan of main activities until 2020, carried out within the framework of the Decade of Childhood.Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No.1375-r dated 06.07.2018].Ofitsial’nyi internet-portal pravovoi informatsii.2021.Available at: http://www.pravo.gov.ru (Accessed 23.11.2021).
  17. Oleinikova L.T.Sotsializatsiya vypusknikov internatnykh uchrezhdenii v kontekste professional’nogo samoopredeleniya [Socialization of graduates of boarding schools in the context of professional self-determination].Izvestiya VGPU, 2006, no.4, pp. 79— 82.Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ sotsializatsiya-vypusknikov-internatnyh-uchrezhdeniy-v-kontekste-professionalnogo-samoopredeleniya/ viewer (Accessed 23.11.2021).
  18. Oslon V.N.Nekotorye osobennosti lichnostnogo razvitiya v period rannei vzroslosti u vypusknikov razlichnykh form al’ternativnoi zaboty [Some features of personal development during early adulthood among graduates of various forms of alternative care].Rossiiskii nauchnyi zhurnal [Russian Scientific Journal], 2010, no. 4(17), pp.152—159.
  19. Rubinshtein S.L.Osnovy obshchei psikhologii: in 2 vol.Vol.2.[Fundamentals of general psychology: in 2 vol.].Moscow: Pedagogika, 1989.328 p.
  20. Sem’ya G.V.Rossiiskii opyt raboty s vypusknikami internatnykh uchrezhdenii [Russian experience of working with graduates of boarding schools].Informatsionnyi byulleten’ ASI, 2007, pp.1—9.
  21. Telitsyna A.Yu., Gnutova A.A., Lobaznikova N.Yu., Shmagina N.S.Sotsial’no-pedagogicheskaya rol’ individual’nogo nastavnichestva v obrazovatel’nom prostranstve detei, okazavshikhsya v trudnoi zhiznennoi situatsii, kak volonterskaya praktika preodoleniya problem sotsial’noi adaptatsii [The socio-pedagogical role of individual mentoring in the educational space of children in a difficult life situation as a volunteer practice of overcoming problems of social adaptation].Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo oblastnogo universiteta.Seriya: Psikhologicheskie nauki, 2016, no. 3, pp.73—87.DOI:10.18384/2310-7235-2016-3-73-87
  22. Fel’dshtein D.I.Sotsializatsiya i individualizatsiya — soderzhanie protsessa sotsial’nogo vzrosleniya [Socialization and individualization — the content of the process of social maturation].Vozrastnaya psikhologiya: detstvo, otrochestvo, yunost’: khrestomatiya ed.by V.S. Mukhina, A.A.Khvostov.Moscow: Akademiya, 2003, pp.188—195.
  23. Chudova S.G., Zakharova T.V.Sem’i, nakhodyashchiesya v sotsial’no opasnom polozhenii: spetsifika sotsial’noi raboty s uchetom ikh zhiznennykh strategii [Families in a socially dangerous situation: the specifics of social work taking into account their life strategies].Sotsiologiya v sovremennom mire: nauka, obrazovanie, tvorchestvo, 2013, no.5, pp. 245—264.
  24. Howe D.Patterns of Adoption: Nature, nurture, and psycho-social development.Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1998.240 p.
  25. MacLean K.The impact of institutionalization on child development.Development and Psychopathology, 2003.Vol.15, pp.853—84.DOI:10.1017/S0954579403000415
  26. Stuthridge J.Script or scripture? Life scripts: A transactional analysis of unconscious relational patterns ed.By R.G.Erskine.London: Karnac Books, 2010, pp.73—100.

Information About the Authors

Irina A. Merkul, PhD in Psychology, Associate Professor, Chair of “Developmental Psychology named after Professor L.F. Obukhova”, Faculty of Psychology in Education, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3808-6076, e-mail: merkulia@mgppu.ru

Victoria O. Volchanskaya, PhD in Psychology, Director, Two Wings Family and Children’s Assistance Centre, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1685-2713, e-mail: vmerkul@mail.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 2025
Previous month: 52
Current month: 9

Downloads

Total: 1215
Previous month: 30
Current month: 4