Культурно-историческая теория деятельности: фундаментальные открытия и новые вызовы

Статья посвящена основным идеям культурно-исторической теории деятельности и вызовам нового времени, встающим перед ней. Особое внимание уделяется работе так называемой Хельсинской школы теории деятельности. В первой части статьи мы описываем революционные идеи, лежащие в основе теории и уходящие корнями в работы Маркса и Выготского, а также рассматриваем, как менялись представления о единице анализа на разных этапах становления теории деятельности. Затем мы переходим к обсуждению основополагающей роли историчности и диалектичности в развитии теории деятельности, описываем два ключевых методологических и эпистемологических принципа деятельностных исследований — принцип двойной стимуляции и принцип восхождения от общего к частному. Опора на эти принципы дает нам возможность утверждать, что формирующие интервенции — мощный инструмент в реализации социально значимых, эффективных деятельностных исследований. В заключительной части статьи мы рассматриваем основные вызовы, с которыми придется столкнуться теории деятельности в XXI веке.

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