Долгосрочное влияние пандемии COVID-19 на психическое здоровье женщин во время беременности и после рождения ребенка и на развитие их детей

Пандемия COVID-19 стала беспрецедентным фактором глобального воздействия на психическое здоровье населения, в особенности его уязвимых групп. Цель статьи — изучение долгосрочного влияния пандемии COVID-19 на психическое здоровье женщин во время беременности и в раннем возрасте рожденных ими детей, а также на развитие их детей. В обзор вошли статьи, опубликованные в 2021–2025 гг. Показано увеличение распространенности тревожных, депрессивных симптомов, стресса в 2–5 раз по сравнению с допандемийными; особенно усиление наблюдалось во вторую волну пандемии. В 1,5 раза увеличилось число назначений антидепрессантов во время беременности; их прием связан с нарушениями мелкой моторики у детей в возрасте 18 месяцев. Стресс, связанный с пандемией, во время беременности спровоцировал структурные изменения в плаценте, повлиял на изменения в мозге детей; привел к увеличению числа преждевременных родов, кесаревых сечений, детей с низким весом; опосредовал отставание в физическом, когнитивном, социально-эмоциональном развитии детей, степень отставания была выше по сравнению с допандемийными данными. Уязвимыми остаются женщины, не имеющие партнера; испытывающие экономические проблемы; с проблемами психического здоровья в анамнезе; с детьми в возрасте до 5 лет. Дополнительные группы риска — перенесшие утрату близких в связи с инфекцией SARS-CoV-2; беременные во вторую волну пандемии, особенно во 2-м и 3-м триместрах; не имевшие поддержки от социального окружения и медицинского персонала; отменившие плановые визиты к врачу во время беременности; длительно разлученные со своими детьми в связи с инфекцией SARS-CoV-2 (и, как следствие, имевшие проблемы с грудным вскармливанием); имевшие проблемы со сном. При оказании психологической помощи необходимо более тщательно собирать анамнез жизни женщины, учитывая группы риска. Показано комплексное сопровождение с привлечением медицинских работников.

Савенышева С.С., Блох М.Е., Аникина В.О. Психическое здоровье и отношение к ребенку женщин во время беременности и в первый год жизни ребенка в период пандемии COVID-19. Современная перинатальная психология в научно-практических клинических исследованиях. Научное издание. Коллективная монография / под ред. И.А. Золотовой. 2025. Ярославль: Аверс Плюс. – 296 с.

Ait Belkacem N., Gorgui J., Tchuente V., Aubin D., Lippé S., Bérard A. Maternal mental health in pregnancy and its impact on children’s cognitive development at 18 months, during the COVID-19 pandemic (CONCEPTION study) // Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024. Vol. 13. Article 1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13041055

AlSharif M. T., Alamoudi R. A., Sabbagh H. J. Maternal stress as a risk factor for non-syndromic orofacial clefts: Systematic review and meta-analysis // Saudi Dental Journal. 2023. Vol. 35, no. 3. P. 207–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.02.004

Aziz H. A., Yahya H. D. B., Ang W. W., Lau Y. Global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in different trimesters of pregnancy: A meta-analysis and meta-regression // Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2025. Vol. 181. P. 528–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.070

Buonsenso D., Malorni W., Turriziani Colonna A. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women // Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2022. Vol. 10. Article 790518. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.790518

Buthmann J., Miller J., Gotlib I. H. Maternal-prenatal stress and depression predict infant temperament during the COVID-19 pandemic // Development and Psychopathology. 2024. Vol. 36. P. 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579422001055

Chmielewska B., Barratt I., Townsend R., et al. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis // Lancet Global Health. 2021. Vol. 9, no. 6. P. e759–e772. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00079-6

Crowe S., Sarma K. Coping with COVID-19: Stress, control and coping among pregnant women in Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic // BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2022. Vol. 22. P. 274. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04579-1

Dagklis T., Tsakiridis I., Mamopoulos A., et al. Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on antenatal mental health in Greece // Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2020. Vol. 74, no. 11. P. 602–631. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13135

Gebeyehu Wondmeneh T., Wogris M. Depression and anxiety among pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis // Frontiers in Global Women’s Health. 2024. Vol. 5. Article 1453157. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgwh.2024.1453157

Harrison S., Quigley M.A., Fellmeth G., Stein A., Ayers S., Alderdice F. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on postnatal anxiety and posttraumatic stress: Analysis of two population-based national maternity surveys in England // Journal of Affective Disorders. 2024. pp 122–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.003

Hasen A., Seid A., Mohammed A. Poor sleep quality and suicidal ideation among pregnant women during COVID-19 in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis // PeerJ. 2023. Vol. 11. e16038. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16038

Horsch A., Garthus-Niegel S., Ayers S., Chandra P., Hartmann K., Vaisbuch E., Lalor J. Childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder: definition, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment // American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2024. Mar;230(3S):S1116-S1127. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.09.089.

Hwang Y. M., Roper R. T., Piekos S. N., et al. Timing of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use and risk for preterm birth and related adverse events: With a consideration of the COVID-19 pandemic period // Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2024. Vol. 37, no. 1. Article 2313364. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2024.2313364

Johnson M., Skjerdingstad N., Ebrahimi O., Hoffart A., Johnson S.A. Fear of giving birth alone: Experiences of psychological distress, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and coping- strategies of childbearing women during COVID-19 // Midwifery. 2024. Volume 131, DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2024.103951

Kerker B. D., Willheim E., Weis J. R. The COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for maternal mental health and early childhood development // American Journal of Health Promotion. 2023. Vol. 37, no. 2. P. 265–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/08901171221140641

Kourti A., Stavridou A., Panagouli E., et al. Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review // Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 2023. Vol. 24, no. 2. P. 719–745. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211038690

Kovacheva K., Rodriguez-Munoz M., Gomez-Baya D., et al. The socio-demographic profile associated with perinatal depression during the COVID-19 era // BMC Public Health. 2023. Vol. 23. P. 786. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15665-0

Kranenburg L., Lambregtse-van den Berg, M., Stramrood, C. Traumatic Childbirth Experience and Childbirth-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Contemporary Overview // International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023. 20, 2775. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042775

Levinson A., Lobel M., Preis H., Mahaffey B. Coping with subjective and objective stress during a pandemic pregnancy: Implications for maternal mental health // Archives of Women’s Mental Health. 2023. Vol. 26, no. 6. P. 819–829. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-023-01357-6

Liu C., Erdei C., Mittal L. Risk factors for depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms in perinatal women during the COVID-19 pandemic // Psychiatry Research. 2021. Vol. 295. Article 113552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113552

Low S., Bono S., Azmi Z. Prevalence and factors of postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review // Current Psychology. 2023. Vol. 43. P. 12084–12101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-04181-w

Lubian Lopez D. M., Garcia-Leon M. A., Caparros-Gonzalez R. A., et al. Mood disorders and resilience during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave in Spain: Conclusions of the first Spanish survey // Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2021. Vol. 140. Article 110327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110327

Mayopoulos G., Ein-Dor T., Dishy G., et al. COVID-19 is associated with traumatic childbirth and subsequent mother-infant bonding problems // Journal of Affective Disorders. 2021. Vol. 282. P. 122–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.101

Miranda A. R., Scotta A. V., Cortez M. V., Soria E. A. Two-years mothering into the pandemic: Impact of the three COVID-19 waves in the Argentinian postpartum women’s mental health // PLoS ONE. 2025. Vol. 20, no. 3. e0294220. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294220

Navon-Eyal M., Taubman-Ben-Ari O. Psychological well-being during pregnancy: The contribution of stress factors and maternal-fetal bonding // Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 2025. Vol. 43, no. 1. P. 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2023.2222143

Okelo K., Marryat L., Murray A., et al. Association between maternal mental health, the COVID-19 pandemic, and children’s developmental outcomes in Scotland // Archives of Public Health. 2025. Vol. 83. Article 82. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-025-01572-w

Pankaew K., Charoenboon C., Lerthattasilp T., et al. The impact of COVID-19 on women’s mental health and wellbeing during pregnancy and the perinatal period: A mixed-methods systematic review // Inquiry. 2024. Vol. 61. Article 00469580241301521. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580241301521

Preis H., Somers J., Mahaffey B., Lobel M. When pregnancy and pandemic coincide: Changes in stress and anxiety over the course of pregnancy // Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 2024. Vol. 42, no. 3. P. 395–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2022.2117289

Sacchi C., et al. In the pandemic from the womb: Prenatal exposure, maternal psychological stress and mental health in association with infant negative affect at 6 months of life // Development and Psychopathology. 2023. P. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579423000093

Saeed H., Saleem Z., Naeem F., et al. Influence of maternal psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic on placental morphometry and texture // Scientific Reports. 2023. Vol. 13. Article 7374. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33343-4

Sahebi A., Kheiry M., Abdi K., et al. Postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: An umbrella review and meta-analyses // Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2024. Vol. 15. Article 1393737. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1393737

Schweizer S., Berchio C., Horsch A., et al. Association of antenatal COVID-19-related stress with postpartum maternal mental health and negative affectivity in infants // JAMA Network Open. 2023. Vol. 6, no. 3. e232969. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.2969

Shuffrey L. C., Firestein M. R., Kyle M. H., et al. Association of birth during the COVID-19 pandemic with neurodevelopmental status at 6 months in infants with and without in utero exposure to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection // JAMA Pediatrics. 2022. Vol. 176, no. 6. e215563. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.5563

Sperber J., Frankenhuis W. E., Nettle D., et al. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on infant development and maternal mental health in the first 2 years of life // Infancy. 2023. Vol. 28, no. 1. P. 107–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12511

Wall S., Dempsey M. The effect of COVID-19 lockdowns on women’s perinatal mental health: A systematic review // Women and Birth. 2023. Vol. 36, no. 1. P. 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2022.06.005

Wang C., Wu T., Shi Q., et al. Impact of COVID-19 in pregnancy on mother’s psychological status and infant’s neurobehavioral development: A longitudinal cohort study in China // BMC Medicine. 2020. Vol. 18. P. 347. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01825-1

Weiner S., Buss C., Rasmussen J. M., et al. Prenatal maternal psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and newborn brain development // JAMA Network Open. 2024. Vol. 7, no. 5. e2417924. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.17924

Ye F., Liu X., Li Y., et al. Effect of pandemic-induced PTSD in pregnant women on infant physical growth: A prospective cohort study // BMC Pediatrics. 2024. Vol. 24. P. 385. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-05244-6

Zhao J., Yang H., Zhang Y., et al. Current situation and mental health of pregnant women during the prevention and control of novel coronavirus infection: A cross-sectional study // International Journal of Women’s Health. 2024. Vol. 16. P. 193–202. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S445473