Трансформация предметного содержания сквозь призму психологии и социологии: исследование в графстве Оксфордшир (Великобритания)

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Аннотация

В настоящей работе, с опорой на психологическое и социологическое знание, исследуется то, как учителя трансформируют предметное содержание для учеников в ситуации урока. В научной литературе, посвященной преподаванию, уделяется недостаточно внимания тому, какую роль играют макрорегулирующие контексты в формировании мышления учителя и, следовательно, в педагогике в целом. Выготский поместил в фокус научного рассмотрения ту опосредующую функцию, которую берет на себя учитель в процессе школьного обучения, используя различные психологические орудия, однако он не успел более глубоко изучить влияние социокультурных контекстов, в рамках которых осуществляется учебное взаимодействие. Чтобы восполнить этот пробел, мы обратились к работам социального теоретика и специалиста по социологии образования Б. Бернштейна: он утверждает, что способы, которыми институты регулируют социальные отношения внутри себя, неизбежно влияют на педагогические практики в данных контекстах. Далее было проведено исследование множества конкретных случаев (multicase study) из практики учителей английского языка и математики, работающих в средних школах графства Оксфордшир (Великобритания). Комплексный анализ случаев обнаружил связь между микропроцессами обучения и макрорегулирующим дискурсом. Также показано, что на педагогические решения, принимаемые учителями, влияет их собственное восприятие институциональной культуры, в рамках которой — и средствами которой — они осуществляют свою деятельность. Наконец, анализ высветил взаимосвязь между несколькими способами, которыми учителя опосредуют и направляют процесс обучения своих учеников.

Общая информация

Ключевые слова: опосредование, трансформация предметного содержания, обучение, социаль-ная теория Бернштейна, Выготский Л.С.

Рубрика издания: Психология образования

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2021170207

Благодарности. Автор выражает признательность И. Томпсону и Г. Дэниелсу за их поддержку и помощь в истолковании социокультурных и социологических аспектов, а также В. Эллиотт за её ценные указания.

Для цитаты: Хан С. Трансформация предметного содержания сквозь призму психологии и социологии: исследование в графстве Оксфордшир (Великобритания) // Культурно-историческая психология. 2021. Том 17. № 2. С. 65–75. DOI: 10.17759/chp.2021170207

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Информация об авторах

Хан Соня, Оксфордский университет, Великобритания, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9070-8218, e-mail: hi.soniakhan@gmail.com

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