Значение ориентировки во времени для прогноза рисков старости (обзор зарубежных исследований)

В зарубежной литературе по гериатрии и геронтопсихиатрии изменения в ориентировке во времени рассматриваются как один из прогностических факторов развития биологических и психических рисков, связанных с процессом старения. Проведенный анализ позволил конкретизировать следующие понятия: ориентировка и дезориентировка во времени, хронотараксис и мизориентация, а также систематизировать функции и церебральные механизмы, обеспечивающие ориентировку во времени. В статье систематизирован алгоритм оценки ориентировки пожилого человека во времени, в пространстве, в собственной личности и в ситуации, описаны методы оценки вербального и поведенческого компонентов ориентировки во времени. На основе представленной модели Г. Берриоса описан динамический характер нарушений в способности ориентироваться во времени в пожилом и старческом возрастах. Приводятся классификация и клинические характеристики нарушения ориентировки во времени при соматических и психических расстройствах в позднем возрасте.

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