Проведение когнитивно-поведенческой терапии с детьми и подростками с тревожными расстройствами

В этой статье представлены введение и обзор когнитивно-поведенческого подхода к лечению тревожных расстройств у детей и подростков. Сначала мы представляем введение в когнитивно-поведенческую концептуализацию тревоги, выделяя тройственную модель эмоций: когниции, физиологическое возбуждение и избегание. Затем мы представляем обзор основных принципов когнитивно-поведенческой терапии тревожных расстройств у детей и подростков, включая генерализованное тревожное расстройство, социальную тревожность, страх разлуки, а также специфические фобии. Затем мы приводим структуру и цели лечения, включая три этапа лечения: психообразование, практическое применение навыков и предотвращение рецидивов. В контексте практического применения мы фокусируемся в первую очередь на стратегиях поведенческой экспозиции (exposure) и когнитивной перестройки. В заключение мы приводим краткое описание различных форматов, в которых может быть реализована когнитивно-поведенческая терапия, включая индивидуальную работу с ребенком, групповой формат, терапию с участием родителей и телемедицину.

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