Интернет-игровое расстройство и неудовлетворенные психологические потребности: опосредующая роль самооценки, депрессии и эскапизма

Интернет-игровое расстройство (Internet gaming disorder, IGD) является распространенной проблемой психического здоровья, особенно среди молодежи, причины и условия возникновения которой все еще недостаточно изучены. Целью данного исследования была проверка интегративной модели, согласно которой базовые универсальные психологические потребности в компетентности, автономии и межличностных отношениях предсказывают интернет-игровое расстройство опосредованно через снижение самооценки, депрессию и мотивацию бегства от реальности. Для проверки этой модели было проведено кросс-секционное исследование. Выборку исследования составили 331 турецких геймера (средний возраст M=22.7 года, SD=4.73), из них 57.1% (n=189) мужчин и 42.9% (n=142) женщин. Оценка показателей интернет-игрового расстройства, игровой мотивации, удовлетворенности базовых психологических потребностей, самооценки и уровня депрессии проводилась посредством онлайн-заполнения опросников респондентами. Методики исследования: анкета персональной информации, краткая версия Шкалы интернет-игрового расстройства, Опросник мотивов онлайн-игр, Общая шкала удовлетворения базовых психологических потребностей, Шкала самоуважения Розенберга, Шкала госпитальной тревоги и депрессии (субшкала депрессии). Показано, что мужчины имеют более высокий уровень IGD и более выраженную игровую мотивацию по сравнению с женщинами. Показана опосредующая роль самооценки, депрессии, эскапизма во взаимосвязи между основными психологическими потребностями и интернет-игровым расстройством. Обсуждается теоретическая и практическая значимость полученных результатов.

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