Современная зарубежная психология
2025. Том 14. № 4. С. 46–55
doi:10.17759/jmfp.2025140405
ISSN: 2304-4977 (online)
Влияние пандемии COVID-19 на психическое развитие и обучение дошкольников: зарубежный опыт исследования
Резюме
Контекст и актуальность. Влияние пандемии COVID-19 на детей дошкольного возраста сопряжено с рисками возникновения нарушений и трудностей развития, что обусловливает необходимость их тщательного и всестороннего изучения. Цель. Выявить особенности воздействия пандемии на психическое развитие и обучение дошкольников на основе данных о проведенных за последнее время исследованиях в зарубежной психологии. Методы и материалы. Поиск и систематический обзор научных публикаций зарубежных авторов, опубликованных в 2023—2025 гг. Результаты. Анализ 42 отобранных публикаций свидетельствует, что пандемия оказала воздействие на все сферы развития детей дошкольного возраста, при этом характер и степень влияния различались. В наибольшей мере негативный эффект прослеживался в сфере социального и речевого развития детей. Особенности детско-родительских отношений во время пандемии обусловливали усиление или ослабление ее влияния. Родительский стресс выступал фактором риска, а частое позитивное взаимодействие дошкольников с родителями — фактором устойчивости психологического благополучия и развития детей. Карантинные меры внесли серьезные изменения в условия обучения дошкольников. Закрытие дошкольных учреждений и переход на онлайн-обучение были сопряжены с рисками потери возможностей обучения, прежде всего в сферах психомоторики, социально-личностного и речевого развития. Выделена важность конструктивного взаимодействия семьи и педагогов в решении образовательных задач. Результаты также показали, что традиционная игра сохраняла свою ценность для детей во время пандемии и являлась важным ресурсом для осмысления изменений, адаптации, творческого самовыражения и получения положительных эмоций. В отношении цифровых игр выявилась необходимость более внимательного отношения со стороны взрослых и профилактики зависимости у дошкольников. Выводы. Продолжение исследований психического развития детей, подвергшихся в дошкольном возрасте воздействию пандемии, позволит своевременно выявлять группы риска и оказывать им соответствующую психолого-педагогическую поддержку.
Общая информация
Ключевые слова: пандемия, COVID-19, психическое развитие, дошкольники, детско-родительские отношения, обучение, игра
Рубрика издания: Психология развития и возрастная психология
Тип материала: обзорная статья
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2025140405
Финансирование. Работа выполнена по научной теме Госзадания Минобрнауки «Ресурсно-прогностическая детерминация личностного и профессионального развития учащихся и педагогов как субъектов непрерывного образования: психологические основы, технологии, факторы эффективности» (FNRE-2024-0017).
Поступила в редакцию 18.09.2025
Поступила после рецензирования 18.09.2025
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Опубликована
Для цитаты: Белова, Е.С., Шумакова, Н.Б. (2025). Влияние пандемии COVID-19 на психическое развитие и обучение дошкольников: зарубежный опыт исследования. Современная зарубежная психология, 14(4), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2025140405
© Белова Е.С., Шумакова Н.Б., 2025
Лицензия: CC BY-NC 4.0
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